相干理论和光散射偏振特性引论Introduction to the Theory of Coherence and Polarization of Light
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作者： Emil Wolf著
出 版 社： Oversea Publishing House
出版时间： 2007-10-1字数：版次： 1页数： 222印刷时间： 2007/10/01开本： 16开印次： 1纸张： 胶版纸I S B N ： 9780521822114包装： 精装编辑推荐
This book is the first to provide a unified treatment, made possible by discoveries largely due to the author, of the two aspects of statistical optics: coherence theory, and the phenomenon of polarization. It will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in physics and engineering.
作者简介：
Emil Wolf is Wilson Professor of Optical Physics at the University of Rochester, and is renowned for his work in physical optics. He has received many awards, including the Ives Medal of the Optical Society of America, the Albert A. Michelson Medal of the Franklin Institute and the Marconi Medal of the Italian Research Council. He is the recipient of seven honorary degrees from Universities around the world. Professor Wolf co-authored the well-known text Principle of Optics (with Max Born, seventh edition, Cambridge University Press, 1999) and Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics (with Leonard Mandel, Cambridge University Press, 1995). He is also editor of the well-known series Progress in Optics.
内容简介
Before the development of lasers, all available light sources, whether used in laboratories or found in nature, generated light which underwent uncontrollable fluctuations inherent in the emission process. Such fluctuations are detrimental to many applications. This effect is almost completely suppressed in laser radiation, making it possible to use lasers for a variety of applications. The underlying theory of fluctuating optical fields is known as coherence theory. Another manifestation of the fluctuations is the so-called phenomenon of polarization. This book is the first to provide a unified treatment of these two aspects of statistical optics, made possible by very recent discoveries, largely due to the author of this book. This will be of great interest to graduate students and researchers in physics and engineering in optical communications, the propagation of laser beams through fibers and through the turbulent atmosphere, and optical image formation. Each chapter contains problems to aid self-study.
目录
Preface
1 Elementary coherence phenomena
Interference and statistical similarity
Temporal coherence and the coherence time
Spatial coherence and the coherence area
The coherence volume
Problems
2 Mathematical preliminaries
Elementary concepts of the theory of random processes
Ergodicity
Complex representation of a real signal and the envelope of a narrow-band signal
The autocorrelation and the cross-correlation functions
The autocorrelation function of a finite sum of periodic components with random amplitudes
The spectral density and the Wiener-Khintchine theorem
Problems
3 Second-order coherence phenomena in the space--time domain
Interference law for stationary optical fields. The mutual coherence function and the complex degree of coherence
Generation of spatial coherence from an incoherent source. The van Cittert--Zernike theorem
Illustrative examples
Michelson's method for measuring stellar diameters
Michelson's method for determining energy distribution in spectral lines
Propagation of the mutual intensity
Wave equations for the propagation of mutual coherence in free space
Problems
4 Second-order coherence phenomena in the space--frequency domain
Coherent-mode representation and the cross-spectral density as a correlation function
The spectral interference law and the spectral degree of coherence
An illustrative example: spectral changes on interference
Interference of narrow-band light
Problems
5 Radiation from sources of different states of coherence
Fields generated by sources with different coherence properties
Correlations and the spectral density in the far field
Radiation from some model sources
Schell-model sources
Quasi-homogeneous sources
Sources of different states of spatial coherence which generate identical distributions of the radiant intensity
Coherence properties of Lambertian sources
Spectral changes on propagation. The scaling law
Problems
6 Coherence effects in scattering
Scattering of a monochromatic plane wave on a deterministic medium
Scattering of partially coherent waves on a deterministic medium
Scattering on random media
General formulas
Examples
Scattering on a quasi-homogeneous medium
Problems
7 Higher-order coherence effects
Introduction
Intensity interferometry with radio waves
The Hanbury Brown--Twiss effect and intensity interferometry with light
Einstein's formula for energy fluctuations in blackbody radiation and the wave--particle duality
Mandel's theory of photoelectric detection of light fluctuations
Mandel's formula for photocount statistics
The variance of counts from a single photodetector
Correlation between count fluctuations from two detectors
Determination of statistical properties of light from photocount measurements
Problems
8 Elementary theory of polarization of stochastic electromagnetic beams
The 2 X 2 equal-time correlation matrix of a quasi-monochromatic electromagnetic beam
Polarized, unpolarized and partially polarized light. The degree of polarization
Completely polarized light
Natural (unpolarized) light
Partially polarized light and the degree of polarization
The geometrical significance of complete polarization. The Stokes parameters of completely polarized light. The Poincare sphere
Problems
9 Unified theory of polarization and coherence
The 2 X 2 cross-spectral density matrix of a stochastic electromagnetic beam
The spectral interference law, the spectral degree of coherence and the spectral degree of polarization of stochastic electromagnetic beams
Determination of the cross-spectral density matrix from experiments
Changes in random electromagnetic beams on propagation
Propagation of the cross-spectral density matrix of a stochastic electromagnetic beam -- general formulas
Propagation of the cross-spectral density matrix of an electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam
Examples of correlation-induced changes in stochastic electromagnetic beams on propagation
Coherence-induced changes of the degree of polarization in Young's interference experiment
Generalized Stokes parameters
Problems
Appendices
Cells of phase space and the degeneracy parameter
Cells of phase space of a quasi-monochromatic light wave (Section 1.4)
Cells of phase space of radiation in a cavity (Sections 7.4 and 7.5)
The degeneracy parameter
Derivation of Mandel's formula for photocount statistics [Eq. (2) of Section 7.5.1]
The degree of polarization of an electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model source
Some important probability distributions
The binomial (or Bernoulli) distribution and some of its limiting cases
The Bose-Einstein distribution
Author index
Subject index
