2005年自考辅导：综合英语(二)考前冲刺
综合英语二》这门课是成绩测试，不是水平测试。成绩测试就是学什么就考什么。严格按照教学大纲去命题。大纲规定，统一考试的试题中教材内容要占60%，( 其中难句释义10%，考核的句子都是课文的原句。根据课文内容作文15%。英译汉15%，语法、词汇25%，最后两部分不一定是课文练习或课文中出现的原题、原句，但一定是教材中出现过的词汇和语法现象。) 这就意味着不学教材，不把课文学懂学透，就根本没有通过考试的希望。因此考生如果要通过《综二》的考试，首先一定要把教材学好，复习好。在复习好的基础上，再做一些模拟练习题。如果你学完《综合英语二》上下册，在规定时间内做完一套模拟考试题，自己估算一下才得30分或40分左右，那么就先不要再做练习题了。而是把上下册再从头学一遍，在复习的过程中，课文、词汇、词汇学习、语法每部分都要复习到。不要自己猜想那篇课文重要或不重要。从这几年的考试来看，课文难句的释义，涉及到每一课文。
课文回答问题部分，考题已包括有上册 第1、3、5、7、8、13、14课， 下册第2、3、5、7、10、12等课。也不要猜想那个语法现象重要或不重要，而是你在做模拟题时自己做得最差的部分，化更多的时间去复习。因为这门课还是属于基础课，每个语法现象都重要。从历年考题来看， 语法考核内容几乎包括了上下册所学过的， 以及综合英语（一）的所有语法现象。每年都考的有：虚拟语气、非限定动词与主句的主语的逻辑关系、定语从句、状语从句、动词的时态与语态、情态动词的完成时的用法、非限定动词等。单词也是教材中出现的词、词组、短语动词和介词搭配。这些都需要我们去记忆。猜题不能使我们考好，反而会浪费时间。等你把教材复习完了后，再来做上几套模拟题，巩固所学知识，弥补由于一时疏忽所造成的知识漏洞，从根本上提高英语运用能力。这样我想考生一定能通过这门课的考试。
一. 考核目标
词汇
（1）《综合英语（二）》认知词汇5，500～6，000，熟练掌握其中2500左右最常用的搭配和短语，并正确使用它们。
了解和掌握各种词性的变化规则，掌握英语的基本构词规则，并在阅读时能根据所学的规则猜出从学过的词派生出来的常用词。
语法
（1）英语的基本语法有准确、清楚、完整的认识。
（2）系统地掌握英语句子的基本结构以及英语基本的修辞手法（强调、倒装、省略）的构成和用法。
能运用所学的语法规则以及句子结构的指示谴词造句、集句成章，在阅读和翻译中能够解决篇章层次上的各种语法问题。
阅读
（1）能读懂常见体裁的中等水平非专业题材的英语材料，并能根据上下文猜出生词的意思。
（2）要求了解所读材料的中心思想，抓住主要论点或细节、明确作者的基本态度，并能根据其内容进行一定的推理和分析。
写作
（1）要求在半小时左右就《综合英语（二）》上下册的31篇课文的内容用130～150个词回答一个大问题。
（2）要求格式正确、语言得体。
（3）要求内容切题、条理清楚、语法基本正确、语言基本通顺、用词基本得当。
翻译
能运用所学的词汇和语法规则将一般非技术专业的汉语句子译成英语，意思准确、无重大语法错误。
能在半小时左右将与课文难度相仿的200词左右的文章译成汉语，理解正确，译文较为通顺。
二．命题原则
1．合理安排测试项目的能力层次。每份试卷中测试各种能力层次的项目所占的分数比例一般为：识记10%，领会30%。简单运用20%，综合运用40%。
2．合理安排测试项目的难度结构。题目难易程度分为：易、较易、较难、 难四个等级。每份试卷各种难易程度题目所占比例为：易占20%，较易占30%，较难占30%，难占20%。试题的难易程度和能力层次是两个不同的概念。在每个能力层次的项目中都包含难易程度不同的问题。命题过程中同时兼顾这两种不同结构的问题。
3．试题题型
试题题型共7类：
Part One
I．选择正确的语法形式和单词或词组填空 Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answers. (25分)
考查学生对所学语法现象及词汇的掌握。语法题涵盖要求掌握的所有语法现象，词汇题限制在课文中出现的单词及其搭配。
题型举例
I.Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answers.
1．She looks so miserable. What you said----her feelings.
A. ought to have hurt B. should have hurt
C. must have hurt D. mustn’t hurt
2． I have lived near the railway for so long now that I’ve grown------to the noise of the trains.
A. familiar B. accustomed C. habitual D. aware
key: 1. C 2. B
作题技巧： 要做好此项选择题，就要熟练掌握所学的语法现象、单词及词组。在做语法题时，要根据所学语法知识，确定正确的答案。如上面第1题 考核的是情态动词的完成时的用法A. ought to have hurt 的意思是应该伤害了她的感情，而实际上没有。B. should have hurt 的意思是应该伤了她的感情，而实际上没有C. must have hurt是对过去情况的肯定推测，意思是肯定伤了她的感情。 D. mustn’t hurt 的意思是不应该伤害她的感情。从句子的上下文来判断，正确答案应是 C.
在做词汇方面的题时，要注意空白处与前后词的搭配关系、此词或词组的确切含义，然后根据题意确定选项。如上面第2题 A. familiar 的意思是熟悉，它与介词的搭配是familiar with，B. accustomed 的意思是习惯于，它与介词的搭配是be accustomed to；C. habitual 的意思是习惯性的，惯常的 D. aware 的意思是意识到的，认识到的，它与介词的搭配是aware of。 根据题义和这些形容词与介词的固定搭配，这道题应选择B.
这部分包括25个小题，考核语法和词汇。所考核的语法题涵盖《综二》和《综一》所讲述的所有语法现象。考生在复习语法时，可以采取这样的办法：把语法集中在一起复习。在复习每一个语法现象时，抓着自己掌握差的，或感觉难的重点复习。
复习主谓一致的原则时，注意就近原则的使用，和一些集体名词的单复数情况，以及all, none等词作主语时的动词单复数。常见题型如：
1. Neither the boy nor his teachers ----the answer.
A. have known B. knows C. know D. is known 答案是C.
2. Office equipment ----very expensive nowadays.
A. are B. is C. were D. have been 答案是 B
3.Mr. Smith together with two of his colleagues-----to attend the meeting.
A. have been chosen B. has chosen C. has been chosen D. will choose
答案是C
复习附加疑问句的时候，注意它的一些特殊用法，如带有no, no one, nobody…等否定词的陈述句，附加疑问句的使用，祈使句的附加疑问句等等。常见题型如
1. She seldom leaves the room in winter,-----.
A. does she B. doesn’t she C. will she D. won’t she 答案是 A
2. I suppose you are here to study, ----?
A. don’t I B. do you C. are you D. aren’t you 答案是D 语法要点是附加成分往往与that从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。
3. Let’s have a good talk,------.
A. shall we B. will you C. won’t you D. aren’t you
答案是A Let’s型祈使句中附加成分用shall we
复习宾语补足语时，注意哪些词类可以做补足语，如不定式、分词、名词、介词词组等。分词做补足语时还要注意用过去分词还是现在分词。另外还要记着哪些动词可以跟宾语补足语，哪些动词后面的不定式宾语补足语不带to等等。常见题型如：
1. It’s difficult to make yourself-----if you don’t know their language.
A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood
答案是D 用过去分词understood表示使自己被别人理解
2. When we broke open the door, we found him----on the floor.
A. lay fainted B. lied fainted C. lain unconsciously D. lying unconscious
答案是D
3. You mustn’t think of me ----to you.
A. rude B. as being rude C. as rude D. as to be答案是B think of sb….as…
复习表语和主语补足语时，除了我们以前学过的名词、形容词等可做补足语外，注意不定式、动名词作表语的情况。常见题型如：
1. Our next step is-----out this drug on animals.
A. trying B. try C. to try D. tried 答案是C, 不定式作表语
2. He gazed at her----.
A. speechless B. speechlessly C. speaking D. spokeless 答案是A，形容词作主语不足语
复习比较级的时候，除了我们以前学过的形容词和副词的比较级的一般比较方式外，还要掌握一些习惯的比较方式，如such…as.., like, alike, a+n1+ of a+n2, 等等。另外，还有more 和 most 的非比较级的用法。常见题型如：
1. They have bought----- as they actually need.
A. twice as much sugar B. sugar as much twice
C. twice sugar as much D. sugar as twice much 答案是 A
2. Nothing reveals a man’s character----the kind of joke at which he takes offense.
A. no more than B. better than C. much as D. less than 答案是B
3. Fun is like life insurance:----you get,---it costs.
A. the elder, the more B. the older, the more
C. the more, the less D. the less, the more 答案是B
4. She was----hurt----frightened.
A. more…than B. rather…that C. more…as D. most…than
答案是A. more…than相当于 rather than…。表示“与其说是…，不如说是…”
复习虚拟语气时，首先要对用来表达虚拟语气的主句和从句谓语动词形式记熟，这是常考的内容。另外除了掌握有if引导的虚拟条件句外，还要复习虚拟语气的其他用法。如It’s time that…, I wish that…, would rather…, if only…以及虚拟条件句中隐含在句中的介词、不定式、动名词、介词短语等。试题常见题型有：
1. Things-----much worse if the mother----on her right to keep the baby.
A. might have been…has been insisting B. must have been…insisted
B. might have been…had insisted D. should have been ….would insist
答案是C 规范的虚拟语气句
2. It is important that the hotel receptionist----that guests are registered correctly.
A. has made sure B. must make sure C. made sure D. make sure
答案是D 考查虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
3． I wish I----the lesson before.
A. have reviewed B. had reviewed C. review D. will review
答案是B 考查虚拟语气在表示愿望的动词wish中的用法。
4．Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I----your advice.
A. had followed B. follow C. would follow D. have followed
答案是A 考查if only 引导的感叹句， 是对过去情况的一种愿望。
5．But for her help, I-----my way.
A. had lost B. lost C. would have lost D. have lost
答案是C 考查隐含虚拟条件句
6．As Commander-in-Chief of the armed force, I have directed that all measures----for our defense.
A. be taken B. would be taken C. to be taken D. had been taken
答案是A 考查某些动词后(如： direct, order, suggest, demand, 等)的宾语从句用虚拟语气。
复习非谓语动词时，要注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语，不要犯垂悬分词等的错误，以及分词独立结构的用法。除了我们以前学过的有关非谓语动词的常见题型外，《综合英语(二）》涵盖的有关非谓语动词的试题常见题型有：
1．-------in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.
A. To look at B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked at
答案是C，Situation 应是look at的逻辑主语，因此look应用过去分词
2． -----how much it cost, this machine is a failure.
A. Considering B. Considered C. To consider D. To be considered
答案是A 考查动词非谓语形式的逻辑上的主语在固定用法中跟主句的主语不同，类似的还有：Strictly speaking, to be frank, putting it mildly, provided that…等等
3．The weather------, we enjoyed the remainder of the game.
A. .had improved B. having improved C. was improved D. improved
答案是B 考查非谓语动词的独立结构
复习定语从句时，除了我们以前学过的有关定语从句的一些语法要点外（包括它的关联词的用法，记着：what不能引导定语从句）, 我们还要掌握它的一些特殊形式。如： 定语从句中的介词+关系代词结构；分隔性定语从句等。.
1.Physics, -----I know nothing, doesn’t seem so dull a subject.
A. that B. of that C. about which D. what
答案是C. B选项中的that关联词前面不能跟介词。D选项中的what不能引导定语从句。
2.The Student Association-----meets once a week.
A. which I am a member B. of which I am a member
C. , which I am a member D. , of which I am a member
答案是D. 考查非限制性定语从句
3．The day will come----you will be proud of me.
A. that B. when C. which D. in which
答案是B 考查分隔形定语从句
复习状语从句的关键是掌握好每种状语从句的连接词。 如：
1. I was advised to arrange for insurance-----I needed medical treatment.
A. nevertheless B. although C. in case D. so that
答案是 C。 in case 万一，以防 nevertheless 然而， 不过， 该词不能做状语从句的连接词。
2．If we deprive our children of the right to fail, we deprive them of their knowledge of the world------.
A. as it is B. as is C. as is it D. as were
答案是A 。 as it is 意为“实际上”， as引导方式状语从句。
复习名词性从句，除了掌握它们的关联词，特别要注意从句语序和谓语动词的时态问题。
1.We are teachers and don’t realize----to start and run a company.
A. what takes it B. what they take C. what it takes D. what takes them
答案是C. what引导宾语从句， it在从句中做形式主语，to start and run a company 是真正的主语。
2．-----is no reason for discharging him.
A. Because he was a few minutes late B. The fact that he was a few minutes late
C. being a few minutes late D. Owing to a few minutes being late
答案是B. the fact 及同位语从句做主语说明原因
3.She told me that she------for me for an hour.
A. waited B. has waited C. had been waiting D. was waiting
答案是C
复习倒装、否定、强调时，同样也要多复习你以前接触少的语法现象。
常见的题型有：
1. -------created the donkey and elephant that symbolize the Democratic and Republic parties.
A. It was Thomas Nast who B. Thomas Nast, who
C. That Thomas Nast D. Although Thomas Nast
答案是A 考核强调句型。 本题是It is/was…that/who强调句
2．-----he does get irritated with her sometimes.
A. Much as he likes her B. As he likes her much
C. Whether he likes her D. Though much does he like her
答案是A 考查倒装， 在以as, though引导的让步状语从句中常用倒装语序
3-----Masefield was sitting almost in the dark, reading some poems by a
