移动数据库和J2ME工具构建应用程序 II
一个应用程序例子
现在通过一个简单的例子，我们检测一下移动数据库应用程序的典型用法和要害组件。
移动联系治理器
这是一个由PointBase提供的移动联系治理器的例子。联系治理器 contact manager包括在PointBase 4.x中。为了读者方便，我已经把源代码打包成zip文件放在Resource中。假如你想编译和运行例子，你必须先从PointBase处下载适当的jar文件。
这个应用程序本身比较简单。它主要沿用了高级地址本应用程序的通用特性。例如，它答应用户存储联系人名字，地址和电话号码；提供自觉浏览和搜索接口；和后台数据库服务器同步。图1和图2分别显示了该应用程序在标准模式和同步模式下的操作。这些屏幕快照来自一个由Insignia’s Jeode PersonalJava VM驱动的Pocket PC 和一个由J2SE驱动的Mac OS X 膝上型电脑。相同字节代码的应用程序没有经过修改运行在许多平台上，证实了Java的威力。
客户端应用程序UI（用户界面）是用AWT写的。这是被PersonalJava或J2ME/FP/PP设备所支持的唯一标准UI库。除了这些UI驱动，我们还有另一个代码层，它提供访问一般的设备上JDBC数据库。这个数据库访问层也提供了与后台服务器同步移动数据的逻辑，它是通过PointBase专有UniSync同步服务器来实现的。现在我们来看看数据访问层的代码，它包括在一个单独的类：DBManager.
设备上的数据访问
类DBManager是一个单独的类，它提供从应用程序单点访问数据。这个单独模式避免了嵌入式数据库的线程复杂性。下面的代码片断显示了DBManager的构造器和初始化的代码。它连接数据库，定义表，将测试数据导入表中，创建为以后时候的SQL状态模版（PreparedStatement）。正如我们所看到的，这里用到的都是标准JDBC。对于企业Java 开发者下面的代码应该很轻易明白：
例1 连接移动数据库和初始化访问对象
class DBManager {
// DBManager is a singleton class.
private static DBManager instance;
private String driver;
private String url;
private String user;
private String passWord;
private boolean delay;
private Connection connection;
private Statement statement;
private PreparedStatement insert;
private PreparedStatement find;
private PreparedStatement delete;
private PreparedStatement update;
private PreparedStatement all;
static DBManager getInstance() {
if (instance == null) {
instance = new DBManager();
}
return instance;
}
private DBManager() {
// Get parameters from runtime properties.
// This allows us to switch to different JDBC databases
// without changing the application code.
Properties properties = ContactManager.getProperties();
driver =
properties.getProperty("driver", "com.pointbase.me.jdbc.jdbcDriver");
url =
properties.getProperty("url", "jdbc:pointbase:micro:pbdemo");
user =
properties.getProperty("user", "PBPUBLIC");
password =
properties.getProperty("password", "PBPUBLIC");
delay =
properties.getProperty("delayread","true").equals("true");
connect();
}
private void connect() {
try {
// Load the driver class.
Class.forName(driver);
// If the database doesn't exist, create a new database.
connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
// Create template statement objects.
statement = connection.createStatement();
createStatement();
// If the database is newly created, load the schema.
boolean newdb=initDatabase();
// Load sample data for the new tables.
if(newdb) {
SampleDataCreator.insert(connection);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}
void disconnect() {
try {
connection.commit();
statement.close();
insert.close();
find.close();
delete.close();
update.close();
all.close();
connection.close();
System.exit(0);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(1);
}
}
// Create the table and load the schema.
private boolean initDatabase() {
try {
String sql = "CREATE TABLE NameCard (ID INT PRIMARY KEY, "+
"Name VARCHAR(254), Company VARCHAR(254), Title VARCHAR(254), "+
"Address1 VARCHAR(254), Address2 VARCHAR(254), "+
"Phone VARCHAR(254), Email VARCHAR(254), "+
"Picture Binary(1000000))";
// If the table already exists, this will throw an exception.
statement.executeUpdate(sql);
// This means the database already exists.
return true;
} catch (SQLException e) {
// Ignore the error - the table already exists, which is good
// so we don't need to add demo data later on.
return false;
}
}
// Create statement templates.
private void createStatement() {
try {
insert = connection.prepareStatement(
"INSERT INTO NameCard (ID, Name, Company, Title, Address1, "+
"Address2, Phone, Email, Picture) "+
"valueS (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)");
find = connection.prepareStatement(
"SELECT * FROM NameCard WHERE (Name LIKE ?) "+
"AND (Company LIKE ?) AND (Title LIKE ?) "+
"AND ((Address1 LIKE ?) OR (Address2 LIKE ?)) "+
"AND (Phone LIKE ?) AND (Email LIKE ?)");
delete = connection.prepareStatement(
"DELETE FROM NameCard WHERE ID = ?");
update = connection.prepareStatement(
"UPDATE NameCard SET ID=?, Name=?, Company=?, Title=?, "+
"Address1=?, Address2=?, Phone=?, Email=?, Picture=? "+
"WHERE ID = ?");
all = connection.prepareStatement(
"SELECT ID, Name, Company, Title, Address1, Address2, "+
"Phone, Email FROM NameCard");
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// Other methods.
}
在DBManager中的其他方法通过简单JDBC API调用进行访问数据库。
如下的代码片断展示了搜索和操纵名称卡片记录的方法。这些方法使用了我们之前定义的SQL模版。
例2 数据访问方法
Vector findNameCardsByKeyword(String name, String company,
String title, String address1, String address2,
String phone, String email) {
Vector NameCards = new Vector();
String[] keywords = {name, company, title, address1, address2,
phone, email};
try {
for (int i = 0; i
String criteria = (keywords[i].equals("")) ? "%" :
"%" + keywords[i] + "%";
find.setString(i + 1, criteria);
}
ResultSet resultSet = find.executeQuery();
while (resultSet.next()) {
NameCard nameCard = new NameCard(resultSet.getInt(1),
resultSet.getString(2), resultSet.getString(3),
resultSet.getString(4), resultSet.getString(5),
resultSet.getString(6),
resultSet.getString(7), resultSet.getString(8));
if (!delay)
loadPicture(nameCard);
NameCards.addElement(nameCard);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return NameCards;
}
void addNameCard(NameCard nameCard) {
nameCard.setID(getNewID());
try {
insert.setInt(1, nameCa
