aptserver

王朝other·作者佚名 2008-05-18

前言

RPM 会有烦人的 Dependence 的问题...当然就会有人想办法来解决...在 Debian 中出了 apt 来解决这个问题...然后巴西的公司将其移植到 RPM 系统上 ...然后 cle 的 candyz 则是将它收入 cle 里...

个人在使用一段时间之后...发现实在很方便...一旦整个系统装好之后...把 APT Server on 起来...您的光驱就很少会再用到...因为所有的安装都交给 APT 来做...建议大家可以把 APT Server 装起来试试...超好用的…

准备

测试系统: Red Hat Linux 7.3

所需套件: apt-0.3.19cnc55-5.i386.rpm , apt-devel-0.3.19cnc55-5.i386.rpm

参考网站: http://cle.linux.org.tw/

Candyz 文件

底下是 Candyz 的发表文件...您也可以在其站上找到这篇...

#!/bin/bash

## This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or

## modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License

## as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2

## of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the

## GNU General Public License for more details.

## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

## along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

## Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA

## 02111-1307, USA.

## Jun 26 2002

## Last modified by Chung-Yen Chang <candyz at linux.org.tw>

# =================

# APT Server 的架设

# =================

BASEDIR=/var/ftp/gaga

cd $BASEDIR

rm -rf SRPMS.gaga

ln -sf SRPMS SRPMS.gaga

cd RedHat

rm -rf RPMS.gaga

ln -sf RPMS RPMS.gaga

sh /usr/bin/genbasedir --topdir=/var/ftp/gaga --bloat --bz2only --progress RedHat gaga

# ================

# APT Clients 部份

# ================

关于 CLE 的升级系统我采用的是 APT 套件,这套在 debian 上相当著名的套件,不久前巴西的 Conectiva公司将其移植到 RPM 系统上,而我把它移植到 CLE 上来相信有用过 debian 或玩过 apt 的人,应该都不会太陌生才是

事实上在过年前我就已经在测试了,目前运作的状况还算可以接受目前仅供 RedHat 7.0 以上的系统进行升级我测试过的,全新安装一台英文版的 RedHat7 后,再以 apt 来升级,升级完成后,就跟 CLE 1.0 是一样的了,这样也不失为一个不错的升级管道目前我在升级新套件时,都已经是用 apt 在运作了...

＊＊注意＊＊本套件仍在发展阶段,因此,并不保证一定适合每个人的状况,所以,请要使用的人可以的话,最好先备份一下您的重要资料(而我已使用了一段时间了,一切都很正常)若您因为使用这个套件而造成损失,我将不负任何责任

所需套件:

至 CLE 网站下载以下两个套件

ftp://cle.linux.org.tw/pub/CLE/i386/RedHat/RPMS/

apt-0.3.19cnc55-5.i386.rpm

apt-devel-0.3.19cnc55-5.i386.rpm

下载回来后,以 rpm -ivh 将其安装起来

主要设定档:

1./etc/apt/sources.list

这是最重要的设定文件了,记载着 Server repository 的一些信息,内容如下:

# Package repository URLs

# CLE 1.1(gaga) Mirrors

rpm ftp://cle.linux.org.tw/pub/CLE/i386 RedHat gaga freshrpms

rpm-src ftp://cle.linux.org.tw/pub/CLE/i386 RedHat gaga freshrpms

这是内定的,若您知道有距离您更近的站有提供同样的服务时,可以依照您的需求更改或是增加您要的站台目前国内有提供 apt 服务的列表可参考底下网址:

http://cle.linux.org.tw/index.php?SCREEN=story_view&sid=&pathway=71&node=277

2.其它在 /etc/apt 目录下的一些设定文件 apt.conf rpmpriorities vendors.list使用内定的即可,若有需要变更,请 man 一下或是自行参考 apt 的说明文件

主要指令:

主要有 apt-cache apt-cdrom apt-config apt-get 这四个指令,一般使用者比较会用到的,应该就是 apt-get 指令了,其它更详细的说明请自行 man 或是参考相关的说明文件

=======

apt-get

=======

1.apt-get update

更新套件信息,要升级之前,最好都先执行一次本指令和 Server 端的信息同步一下

2.apt-get check

检查你系统上套件的相依性状况

3.apt-get dist-upgrade 和 apt-get upgrade

执行整个升级动作,建议用 apt-get dist-upgrade 比较好

4.apt-get install 套件名称

安装某一个套件及其相关的套件如 apt-get install xcin 这样就会帮您安装好 xcin 了,连 libtabe 也会一并帮您安装好

5.apt-get remove 套件名称

移除某套件,和 rpm -e 功能一样,同时还会帮您把相关的套件一并移除

6.apt-get source 套件名称

抓回 source rpm

例: apt-get source --compile zhcon

抓回 source rpm 并编译成 binary rpm

--compile 参数就如同 rpm -ba 一般

7.apt-get clean

删除下载回来的档案

=========

apt-cdrom

=========

在您安装好系统后,可以使用 apt-cdrom 来把这三片光盘加入 apt 的 sources.list 中用法如下:

$ apt-cdrom add

Using CD-ROM mount point /mnt/cdrom/

Unmounting CD-ROM

Please insert a Disc in the drive and press enter

Mounting CD-ROM

Identifying.. [af0e7c988f7ae057a4a3bccc8008134d-2]

Scanning Disc for index files.. Found 1 package indexes and 0 source indexes.

Please provide a name for this Disc, such as 'MyDistro 6.0 Disk 1':

Gaga V1.1 disc1

This Disc is called:

'Gaga V1.1 disc1'

Reading Indexes... Done

Writing new source list

Source List entries for this Disc are:

rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc1]/ RedHat gaga

Repeat this process for the rest of the CDs in your set.

$ apt-cdrom add

Using CD-ROM mount point /mnt/cdrom/

Unmounting CD-ROM

Please insert a Disc in the drive and press enter

Mounting CD-ROM

Identifying.. [de0703cd627985ce5ea8d9647abc3e4a-2]

Scanning Disc for index files.. Found 1 package indexes and 0 source indexes.

Please provide a name for this Disc, such as 'MyDistro 6.0 Disk 1':

Gaga V1.1 disc2

This Disc is called:

'Gaga V1.1 disc2'

Reading Indexes... Done

Writing new source list

Source List entries for this Disc are:

rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc2]/ RedHat gaga

Repeat this process for the rest of the CDs in your set.

$ apt-cdrom add

Using CD-ROM mount point /mnt/cdrom/

Unmounting CD-ROM

Please insert a Disc in the drive and press enter

Mounting CD-ROM

Identifying.. [0daa110860c40f563b2179487f11fdcf-2]

Scanning Disc for index files.. Found 1 package indexes and 0 source indexes.

Please provide a name for this Disc, such as 'MyDistro 6.0 Disk 1':

Gaga V1.1 disc3

This Disc is called:

'Gaga V1.1 disc3'

Reading Indexes... Done

Writing new source list

Source List entries for this Disc are:

rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc3]/ RedHat gaga

Repeat this process for the rest of the CDs in your set.

在加完三片光盘后,您应该可以在您的 /etc/apt/sources.list 里看到如下三行:

rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc3]/ RedHat gaga

rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc2]/ RedHat gaga

rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc1]/ RedHat gaga

这样以后就可以使用 apt-get 来安装之前未安装的套件了

范例如下:

若您并没有连上网络,请修改您的 /etc/apt/sources.list

把其它各行都删除或是批注起来,只留下底下这三行

rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc3]/ RedHat gaga

rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc2]/ RedHat gaga

rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc1]/ RedHat gaga

$ apt-get update

Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc3 RedHat release.gaga

Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc2 RedHat release.gaga

Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc1 RedHat release.gaga

Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc3 RedHat/base/mirrors

Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc2 RedHat/base/mirrors

Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc1 RedHat/base/mirrors

Processing File Dependencies... Done

Reading Package Lists... Done

Building Dependency Tree... Done

W: cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc3]/ will not be authenticated.

W: cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc2]/ will not be authenticated.

W: cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc1]/ will not be authenticated.

$ apt-get install zhcon

Processing File Dependencies... Done

Reading Package Lists... Done

Building Dependency Tree... Done

The following NEW packages will be installed:

zhcon

0 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove(replace) and 0 not

upgraded.

Need to get 0B/3098kB of archives. After unpacking 5466kB will be used.

Media Change: Please insert the disc labeled 'Gaga V1.1 disc3' in the drive

'/mnt/cdrom/' and press enter

Get:1 cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc3 RedHat/gaga zhcon 0.14-6 [3098kB]

Fetched 3098kB in 4m35s (11.3kB/s)

Executing RPM (-U)...

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:zhcon ########################################### [100%]

根据指示放入 'Gaga V1.1 disc3' 第三片光盘即可

也可免除要新增套件时,不知道该套件到底是放在哪一片光盘片上而要找半天的麻烦

如何把 iso檔加入 sources.list 用 apt-get 来安装之前未安装的套件?

$ mount -o loop gaga-20020625-1.iso /mnt/cdrom/

$ apt-cdrom add -m -d /mnt/cdrom

Using CD-ROM mount point /mnt/cdrom/

Identifying.. [af0e7c988f7ae057a4a3bccc8008134d-2]

Scanning Disc for index files.. Found 1 package indexes and 0 source indexes.

Please provide a name for this Disc, such as 'MyDistro 6.0 Disk 1':

Gaga V1.1 disc1

This Disc is called:

'Gaga V1.1 disc1'

Reading Indexes... Done

Writing new source list

Source List entries for this Disc are:

rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc1]/ RedHat gaga

Repeat this process for the rest of the CDs in your set.

===========================================================

-m 参数表示我们自己已经 mount CDROM 了,不用再 mount 一次

-d /mnt/cdrom 用来指定我们的挂载点

重复此步骤把三个 iso 檔都加入 sources.list 中

接下来

$ apt-get update

Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc3 RedHat release.gaga

Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc2 RedHat release.gaga

Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc1 RedHat release.gaga

Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc3 RedHat/base/mirrors

Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc2 RedHat/base/mirrors

Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc1 RedHat/base/mirrors

Processing File Dependencies... Done

Reading Package Lists... Done

Building Dependency Tree... Done

W: cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc3]/ will not be authenticated.

W: cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc2]/ will not be authenticated.

W: cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc1]/ will not be authenticated.

$ apt-get install zhcon

Processing File Dependencies... Done

Reading Package Lists... Done

Building Dependency Tree... Done

The following NEW packages will be installed:

zhcon

0 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove(replace) and 0 not

upgraded.

Need to get 0B/3098kB of archives. After unpacking 5466kB will be used.

Media Change: Please insert the disc labeled 'Gaga V1.1 disc3' in the drive

'/mnt/cdrom/' and press enter

此时再开个窗口手动把 disc3 iso 挂载到 /mnt/cdrom 下即可

=========

apt-cache

=========

1.apt-cache showpkg

显示套件信息

例: apt-cache showpkg zhcon

2.apt-cache stats

显示相关的统计信息

3.apt-cache dump

颢示 cache 中每个套件的简短信息

4.apt-cache unmet

检查所有未符合相依性的相关信息

5.apt-cache show

显示套件信息,同 rpm -qi 一般

6.apt-cache search

寻找档案

例: apt-cache search zhcon

7.apt-cache depends

显示套件的相依性

例: apt-cache depends zhcon

8.apt-cache pkgnames

寻找符合的套件名称

例: $ apt-cache pkgnames openss

openssh-askpass

openssl096

openssl-perl

openssl095a

openssl-python

openssh-clients

openssl-devel

openssh-askpass-gnome

openssh

openssl

openssh-server

==========

apt-config

==========

1.apt-config dump

显示目前的设定状态

===========================================================

以上这些是比较常用到的指令

基本上,若要升级,只要定期执行 apt-get update 和 apt-get dist-upgrade 就

可以维持和 CLE 最新的套件同步的状况了...

另外我也写了一个选单式的 script,您可以直接执行 apt ,然后选择您要的指令即可

其它还有几个不错的 apt 前端程序,选单模式的 aptitude 及图形接口的 synaptic,

aptitude 已纳入 gaga 中,而 synaptic 则可以在底下网站下载到:

ftp://cle.linux.org.tw/mirror/freshrpms/valhalla/synaptic/

注意:

在升级一些特殊的套件时,尤其像是 kernel 和 glibc 等,升级的先后顺序也很重要

请您还是先download回来后,再用 rpm -Uvh 去升级比较保险

至于其它的套件,就比较没关系了,放心的用 apt 去升级

若遇到无法用 apt 升级时,那就改用 rpm 先去升级该套件吧