词汇精解4
a
afford
v.
1.买得起,负担得起(费用),抽得出(时间)
I could not afford ( to buy ) such an expensive dictionary.
我买不起这样贵的字典。
The Einsteins could not afford to pay for his advanced education.
爱因斯坦一家负担不起他的提前教育。
I can hardly afford ( the time ) to wait for such a long time.
我几乎抽不出时间来等那么久。
2.提供
Reading affords us pleasure.
阅读提供给我们快乐。
(注意)1.afford 常与 can 或 be able to 连用。
2.afford 后面可接 time,money, 也可接“要买的东西”,也可接动词不定式
to pay 或 to buy 等。
3.afford 作“提供”解时,与 offer,provide...with 等词语是同义的。
afraid
adj.害怕的,恐怕
We are not afraid of the difficulties.
我们不害怕困难。
Don''t be afraid of making mistakes when you are learning to speak English.
当你学习说英语时,不要害怕犯错误。
I am afraid I can''t do that today.
我恐怕我今天不能那么做。
(注意)1.afraid 只作表语,不能作定语。
2.afraid 不是动词,不可与 fear(v.害怕)混用。
3.be afraid to (do) 是“不敢(做)……”,be afraid of (doing) 是“害怕
(会做)……”。如:I am afraid to run the risk.(我不敢冒险。)
I am afraid of running the risk.(我害怕会冒风险。)
4.在口语中 I am afraid 往往用于表示“抱歉”或“遗憾”的事,意思和 I think
相同。
against
1.反对
Are you for or against the proposal?
你赞成还是反对这个计划?
2.防备
We must get prepared against the war.
我们必须做好准备防止战争。
3.靠,倚
Don''t lean against the wall.
不要靠在墙上。
(注意)1.against 不是动词,作“反对”解时,不可与 oppose (v.反对)或 object to
(v.反对)混用。
2.against 作“反对”解时,它的反义词是 for (prep.赞成)。
agree
v.同意,与……一致
I agree with you.
我同意你的观点。
Do you agree to what I said?
你同意我说的吗?
He doesn''t agree to our proposal.
他不同意我们的提议。
I agree that Tom is the most hard-working student in our class.
我同意汤姆是我们班级最用功的学生。
(注意)1.agree---agreement (n.一致,同意;协定)
2.agree---disagree (v.不同意)
3.agree 后接名词时必须有介词,但后接 that 从句时却不用介词。
all
adj.全部的,全体的
All the students are present today.
全体学生今天都在席。
pron.所有的人或物,一切
All of us were greatly moved by the story.
我们所有的人都被这个故事深深地感动了。
This is all I have got.
这是我的全部了。
not at all 一点都不
He is not brave at all.
他一点也不勇敢。
all over 结束,遍及
It''s all over now.
现在都结束了。
People all over the world are concerned about nuclear pollution.
全世界的人都关心核污染。
all the time 一直
I have been busy all the time.
我一直都很忙。
(注意)1.all 指人时是复数。如:All are present today.指整个情况时是单数。如:
All I know is this.
2.all 和 whole(adj.完整的,整个的)不同,whole 一般不和可数名词复数形式
连用,如“全校”是 the whole school,“全校学生”则是 all the students
of the school;又如“全党”是 the whole Party,“全民”则是 all the
people。但 all 和 whole 都可表示“完全”,只是他们在句中的位置不同,如:
all my life=my whole life;all day=the whole day。
3.all...not 不解释为“全都不”,它和 not all 一样,解释为“不是全都”,如
All the answers are not correct(并非所有的答案都正确)等于 Not all the
answers are correct。全部否定须用 None of the answers is correct(没有一
个答案是正确的。
allow
v.
1.允许,准许
The doctor doesn''t allow him to smoke.
医生不允许他抽烟。
2.同意给予
He allowed his child a little pocket moeny.
他同意给他的孩子一点零花钱。
(注意)1.allow 和 permit(v.允许),let(v.让,答应)是同义词,其中,permit 最为
正式,let 则使用于较随便的场合。allow 和 permit 后接宾语+动词不定式补语。
2.allow 作“允许”解释时,反义词是 forbid (v.禁止)。
3.allow---allowance