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一yi、珍zhen珠zhu的de历li史shi和he地di位wei
珍zhen珠zhu是shi一yi种zhong珍zhen贵gui的de有you机ji宝bao石shi，与yu玛ma瑙nao、水shui晶jing、玉yu石shi一yi起qi并bing称cheng我wo国guo古gu代dai传chuan统tong“四si宝bao”。珍zhen珠zhu的de英ying文wen名ming称cheng为weiPearl，是shi由you拉la丁ding文wenPernulo演yan化hua而er来lai的de。据ju地di质zhi学xue和he考kao古gu学xue的de研yan究jiu证zheng明ming，在zai两liang亿yi年nian前qian，地di球qiu上shang就jiu已yi经jing有you了le珍zhen珠zhu。而er传chuan说shuo中zhong，早zao在zai远yuan古gu时shi期qi，原yuan始shi人ren类lei在zai海hai边bian觅mi食shi时shi，就jiu发fa现xian了le具ju有you彩cai色se晕yun光guang的de洁jie白bai珍zhen珠zhu，并bing被bei它ta的de晶jing莹ying瑰gui丽li所suo吸xi引yin，从cong那na时shi起qi珍zhen珠zhu就jiu成cheng了le人ren们men喜xi爱ai的de饰shi物wu，并bing流liu传chuan至zhi今jin。大da约yue5000年nian前qian，古gu印yin度du人ren开kai始shi把ba珍zhen珠zhu作zuo为wei宝bao物wu，与yu宗zong教jiao一yi起qi并bing称cheng佛fo教jiao七qi宝bao，在zai恒heng河he文wen化hua中zhong开kai始shi享xiang有you极ji高gao的de声sheng誉yu。和he印yin度du一yi样yang，中zhong华hua民min族zu也ye是shi世shi界jie上shang最zui早zao认ren识shi珍zhen珠zhu并bing利li用yong珍zhen珠zhu的de民min族zu之zhi一yi，早zao在zai四si千qian多duo年nian前qian，《尚shang书shu禹yu贡gong》中zhong就jiu有you蚌bang能neng产chan珠zhu的de记ji载zai，《诗shi经jing》、《山shan海hai经jing》、《尔er雅ya》、《周zhou易yi》中zhong也ye都dou记ji载zai了le有you关guan珍zhen珠zhu的de内nei容rong，珍zhen珠zhu是shi我wo国guo古gu代dai最zui有you名ming的de珍zhen宝bao，上shang至zhi皇huang冠guan、龙long袍pao，下xia至zhi项xiang链lian，都dou用yong珍zhen珠zhu装zhuang饰shi，它ta晶jing莹ying洁jie白bai，圆yuan润run柔rou和he、光guang彩cai夺duo目mu，被bei人ren们men视shi为wei富fu贵gui、安an康kang、完wan美mei、纯chun洁jie的de象xiang征zheng。珍zhen珠zhu按an照zhao成cheng因yin分fen为wei天tian然ran珍zhen珠zhu和he人ren工gong养yang殖zhi珍zhen珠zhu两liang种zhong，天tian然ran珍zhen珠zhu主zhu要yao是shi指zhi在zai贝bei、蚌bang的de体ti内nei自zi然ran形xing成cheng的de珍zhen珠zhu；习xi惯guan上shang人ren们men把ba珍zhen珠zhu又you分fen为wei海hai水shui珠zhu、淡dan水shui珠zhu、人ren造zao珠zhu三san种zhong类lei型xing。珍zhen珠zhu有you白bai色se系xi、红hong色se系xi、黄huang色se系xi、深shen色se系xi和he杂duo色se系xi五wu种zhong，多duo数shu不bu透tou明ming。珍zhen珠zhu的de形xing态tai以yi正zheng圆yuan形xing为wei最zui好hao，古gu时shi候hou人ren们men把ba天tian然ran正zheng圆yuan形xing的de珍zhen珠zhu称cheng为wei走zou盘pan珠zhu。
【原文】
陕西省纪委监委日前通报了4起在历史文化遗产保护中失职失责的典型案例
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