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珍zhen珠zhu系xi蛤ge类lei及ji螺luo类lei受shou刺ci激ji所suo产chan生sheng的de分fen泌mi物wu层ceng叠die而er成cheng。市shi售shou品pin分fen二er类lei：一yi类lei为wei天tian然ran产chan的de珍zhen珠zhu；一yi类lei为wei人ren工gong养yang殖zhi的de珍zhen珠zhu，称cheng为wei“养yang珠zhu”，系xi将jiang生sheng石shi决jue明ming的de颗ke粒li或huo砂sha粒li等deng投tou入ru蚌bang壳ke内nei经jing数shu年nian后hou所suo形xing成cheng。
海hai水shui珍zhen珠zhu为wei暖nuan海hai底di栖xi贝bei类lei，具ju二er枚mei介jie壳ke，左zuo右you不bu等deng，左zuo壳ke比bi右you壳ke略lue大da，且qie凹ao陷xian较jiao右you壳ke为wei深shen。壳ke之zhi长chang度du与yu高gao度du差cha不bu多duo相xiang等deng，通tong常chang长chang高gao为wei6～7厘li米mi左zuo右you，大da者zhe可ke大da于yu10厘li米mi。前qian耳er突tu大da而er短duan，后hou耳er突tu长chang。壳ke面mian黄huang褐he色se，具ju黑hei色se放fang射she条tiao纹wen。生sheng长chang级ji明ming显xian。具ju有you密mi生sheng鳞lin片pian，易yi碎sui断duan，近jin壳ke顶ding处chu较jiao为wei平ping滑hua。壳ke内nei白bai色se或huo带dai淡dan黄huang色se，富fu有you珍zhen珠zhu光guang泽ze。壳ke缘yuan较jiao薄bo，呈cheng黄huang褐he色se，铰jiao合he处chu平ping直zhi有you1～2个ge主zhu齿chi。韧ren带dai细xi长chang，褐he色se。闭bi壳ke肌ji痕hen大da，略lue呈cheng耳er形xing，几ji乎hu位wei于yu壳ke之zhi中zhong央yang。壳ke顶ding位wei于yu前qian端duan，距ju离li近jin。足zu小xiao，能neng生sheng足zu丝si线xian，于yu右you壳ke前qian面mian之zhi小xiao孔kong伸shen出chu。附fu着zhe于yu岩yan礁jiao砂sha 。
雷lei州zhou半ban岛dao北bei部bu湾wan畔pan用yong于yu插cha珠zhu的de吊diao脚jiao楼lou
当dang珍zhen珠zhu母mu贝bei和he蚌bang贝bei在zai水shui中zhong生sheng长chang时shi，若ruo偶ou然ran遇yu有you细xi微wei的de砂sha粒li或huo较jiao硬ying质zhi的de生sheng物wu窜cuan入ru壳ke中zhong外wai套tao膜mo内nei，外wai套tao膜mo受shou到dao刺ci激ji后hou，殊shu感gan不bu适shi，遂sui分fen泌mi真zhen珠zhu质zhi逐zhu渐jian包bao围wei由you外wai窜cuan入ru之zhi砂sha粒li或huo生sheng物wu，并bing日ri益yi增zeng大da成cheng为wei珍zhen珠zhu。养yang珠zhu亦yi系xi利li用yong此ci原yuan理li，一yi般ban选xuan用yong3龄ling左zuo右you个ge体ti，施shi行xing插cha核gai手shou术shu，有you意yi识shi地di放fang入ru砂sha粒li，让rang外wai套tao膜mo感gan觉jiao不bu适shi而er分fen泌mi许xu多duo真zhen珠zhu质zhi来lai包bao被bei这zhe些xie进jin入ru的de砂sha粒li，因yin而er形xing成cheng了le人ren工gong珍zhen珠zhu，甚shen至zhi人ren为wei地di将jiang投tou入ru物wu作zuo成cheng各ge种zhong形xing状zhuang，结jie果guo所suo得de的de养yang珠zhu也ye是shi各ge式shi各ge样yang的de。
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