介绍一下象牙海岸共和国?
1960年8月7日,象牙海岸共和国独立,但仍留在法兰西共同体内。翌年4月,脱离共同体。1985年12月29日,象牙海岸共和国决定从1986年年1月1日起,将国名改为科特迪瓦共和国。“科特迪瓦”是法文“象牙海岸” 的中文音译。
“象牙海岸”改名为“科特迪瓦”的原因是,它的国名在各种语文中向来都是意译,因而造成“象牙海岸”一词的开头字母在各种语文中都不同。由于国际机构实行以各个国家名字的第一个字母在字母表中的顺序排列,致使象牙海岸在许多情况下国名排列的位子变动不定。在征得联合国同意后,从1986年1月1日起,这个国家的名字在各种语文中一律改为音译。
古加纳王国建于公元3~4世纪,其版图在今天的马里和布基纳法索一带。10~11世纪时达到鼎盛时期。1471年起葡萄牙、荷兰、法国和英国殖民者相继入侵现加纳沿海地区,掠夺黄金、贩卖黑奴,这一带被称为“黄金海岸”。1897年黄金海岸全境沦为英国殖民地。1957年3月6日,黄金海岸独立,改名加纳,原英国托管的“西多哥”并入加纳。1960年7月1日成立加纳共和国,仍留在英联邦内。
象牙海岸
Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia
Geographic coordinates: 8 00 N, 5 00 W
Map references: Africa
Area:
total: 322,460 sq km
land: 318,000 sq km
water: 4,460 sq km
Area - comparative: slightly larger than New Mexico
Land boundaries:
total: 3,110 km
border countries : Burkina Faso 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea 610 km, Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km
Coastline: 515 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf: 200 nm
exclusive economic zone : 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)
Terrain: mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Gulf of Guinea 0 m
highest point: Mont Nimba 1,752 m
Natural resources: petroleum, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper
Land use:
arable land: 9%
permanent crops : 14%
other:77% (1998 est.)
Irrigated land:730 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards: coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible
Environment - current issues: deforestation (most of the country's forests - once the largest in West Africa - have been cleared by the timber industry); water pollution from sewage and industrial and agricultural effluents
Environment - international agreements:
party to : Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Desertification
参考资料:||http://bbs.cn.yimg.com/user_img/200609/04/ba***********_1406090412588.gif