如何把主动语态变为被动语态?

英语中及物动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。

一、 被动语态的用法：

1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词

Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

I am asked to study hard.

Knives are used for cutting things.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

A new shop was built last year.

Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.

3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词

This book has been translated into many languages.

Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

A new hospital will be built in our city.

Many more trees will be planted next year.

5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

Young trees must be watered often.

Your mistakes should be corrected right now.

The door may be locked inside.

Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词

Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→

My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

They are planting trees over there. →

Trees are being planted over there by them.

7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词

There are two books to be read. →

There are twenty more trees to be planted.

二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?

把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：

1. 先找出谓语动词；

2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；

3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；

4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。

例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.

2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.

3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.

4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.

5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.

6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.

三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：

1. 不及物动词无被动语态。

What will happen in 100 years.

The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。

This pen writes well.

This new book sells well.

3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。

例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.

He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.

只要你掌握了以上一些方法，被动语态并不难学。

主动语态变被动语态的四个步骤：

①把主动语态句子中的宾语变成被动语态句子的主动。

②把主动语态句子中的谓语变成被动语态：be + 动词的过去分词。注意被动语态中 be 的时态与主动语态句子中的谓语动词的时态相同。

③把主动语态中的主语变为 by 的宾语 ( 如为代词，主格形式变成宾语形式 ) 。如果动作执行者不需要强调或说明，by 短语可以省略。

Everybody likes Tom . 大家都喜欢汤姆。

Tom is liked by everybody . 汤姆被大家喜欢。

He wrote a letter . 他写了一封信。

A letter was written by him . 这信是他写的。

They are building a road . 他们正在修一条路。

A rood is being built ( by them ) . 那条路在修建中。

含有两个宾语的主动结构变为被动结构

主语结构中若有两上宾语 ( 直接宾语和间接宾语 ) ，通常将表示人的间接宾语变为被动态主语，而直接宾语 ( 表示物的 ) 作为保留宾语而不动。有时也可将直接宾语变为被动语态主语，间接宾语作为保留宾语而不动，但其前通常要加介词 to 或 for。如：

He gave me some books . 他给了我一些书。 ( 主动语态 )

I was given some books . ( 间接宾语作主语 ) ( 较常见 )

Some books were given to me . ( 直接宾语作主语 )

Father bought me a pen . 父亲给我买了支钢笔。

I was bought a pen . ( 间接宾语作主语 )

A pen was bought for me . ( 直接宾语作主语 )

含有复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构

主动结构中如有复合宾语 ( 即：宾语 + 宾语补足语 ) ，变为被动语态时，只将复合宾语中的逻辑主语 ( 即宾语 ) 变成主语，其余部分不动。如：

We found him working in the fields . 我们发现他在田里工作。

He was found working in the fields . 他被发现在田里工作。

They named the baby Mary . 他们给这个小婴儿取名玛丽。

We elected Xiao Zhang our team leader . 我们选小张当队长。

4． Xiao Zhang was elected our team leader . 小张被选为我们的队长。

5． 掌握用英语谈论物品的质地、材料、产地。