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据ju英ying国guo《每mei日ri快kuai报bao》报bao道dao，科ke学xue家jia发fa现xian蜗wo牛niu能neng够gou依yi靠kao仅jin有you的de两liang颗ke脑nao细xi胞bao做zuo决jue定ding。其qi中zhong一yi颗ke脑nao细xi胞bao会hui告gao诉su蜗wo牛niu是shi否fou饥ji饿e，而er另ling一yi颗ke脑nao细xi胞bao让rang它ta了le解jie什shen么me时shi候hou会hui出chu现xian食shi物wu。研yan究jiu人ren员yuan是shi在zai对dui寻xun找zhao莴wo苣qu的de淡dan水shui蜗wo牛niu大da脑nao活huo动dong进jin行xing测ce量liang时shi发fa现xian的de，这zhe一yi发fa现xian能neng够gou帮bang助zhu工gong程cheng师shi们men设she计ji出chu更geng加jia高gao效xiao的de机ji器qi人ren。
首shou席xi研yan究jiu员yuan，苏su塞sai克ke斯si大da学xue的deGeorge Kemenes教jiao授shou称cheng：“当dang我wo们men做zuo出chu复fu杂duo的de行xing为wei决jue定ding并bing且qie进jin行xing的de时shi候hou，我wo们men并bing不bu清qing楚chu自zi己ji的de大da脑nao中zhong究jiu竟jing发fa生sheng了le什shen么me情qing况kuang。我wo们men的de研yan究jiu首shou次ci以yi揭jie开kai了le两liang颗ke神shen经jing元yuan如ru何he在zai动dong物wu的de大da脑nao中zhong创chuang造zao出chu一yi种zhong机ji制zhi，达da成cheng并bing且qie优you化hua复fu杂duo的de任ren务wu。”
他ta声sheng称cheng，这zhe项xiang研yan究jiu也ye表biao明ming了le这zhe一yi系xi统tong如ru何he帮bang助zhu蜗wo牛niu管guan理li作zuo出chu决jue定ding后hou所suo使shi用yong的de能neng量liang。研yan究jiu人ren员yuan借jie助zhu电dian极ji监jian测ce蜗wo牛niu大da脑nao中zhong的de活huo动dong变bian化hua，也ye就jiu是shi收shou集ji个ge体ti神shen经jing元yuan活huo动dong时shi的de峰feng值zhi。他ta们men发fa现xian两liang颗ke细xi胞bao分fen别bie承cheng担dan控kong制zhi和he激ji励li的de任ren务wu，它ta们men彼bi此ci反fan馈kui来lai帮bang助zhu蜗wo牛niu作zuo出chu决jue定ding。
研yan究jiu人ren员yuan称cheng：“我wo们men的de发fa现xian能neng够gou帮bang助zhu科ke学xue家jia们men识shi别bie其qi它ta的de核gai心xin神shen经jing元yuan系xi统tong，这zhe是shi实shi现xian类lei似si决jue定ding过guo程cheng的de基ji础chu。这zhe将jiang最zui终zhong帮bang助zhu我wo们men设she计ji出chu机ji器qi人ren的de大da脑nao，并bing且qie以yi使shi用yong执zhi行xing复fu杂duo任ren务wu所suo必bi需xu的de最zui少shao组zu件jian为wei设she计ji原yuan则ze。“
搜sou寻xun食shi物wu对dui于yu生sheng存cun来lai说shuo是shi一yi种zhong目mu的de明ming确que的de行xing为wei案an例li。在zai做zuo出chu这zhe种zhong明ming确que目mu标biao的de决jue定ding时shi，动dong物wu必bi须xu整zheng合he周zhou边bian的de环huan境jing信xin息xi以yi及ji自zi身shen的de内nei部bu状zhuang态tai，尽jin可ke能neng少shao的de消xiao耗hao自zi身shen能neng量liang。目mu前qian该gai研yan究jiu已yi经jing发fa表biao在zai了le《自zi然ran通tong讯xun》杂duo志zhi上shang。
【原文】
