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研yan究jiu表biao明ming,贫pin穷qiong家jia庭ting的de儿er童tong大da脑nao发fa育yu较jiao小xiao
腾teng讯xun科ke学xue讯xun,据ju外wai媒mei报bao道dao,美mei国guo哥ge伦lun比bi亚ya大da学xue最zui新xin研yan究jiu得de出chu结jie论lun,生sheng活huo在zai家jia庭ting年nian收shou入ru不bu到dao25,000美mei元yuan(约yue合he人ren民min币bi155,000元yuan)的de儿er童tong,相xiang对dui于yu那na些xie生sheng活huo在zai家jia庭ting年nian收shou入ru超chao过guo150,000美mei元yuan(约yue合he人ren民min币bi960,000元yuan)家jia庭ting中zhong的de小xiao孩hai大da脑nao皮pi层ceng发fa育yu小xiao六liu个ge百bai分fen点dian。
“我wo们men很hen久jiu以yi前qian就jiu知zhi道dao贫pin穷qiong会hui导dao致zhi资zi源yuan匮gui乏fa,影ying响xiang儿er童tong在zai成cheng长chang过guo程cheng中zhong对dui周zhou围wei环huan境jing的de探tan索suo,最zui终zhong影ying响xiang其qi在zai学xue校xiao的de学xue业ye表biao现xian。”洛luo杉shan矶ji儿er童tong医yi院yuan的de伊yi丽li莎sha白bai·索suo厄e尔er在zai接jie受shou华hua盛sheng顿dun邮you报bao的de采cai访fang时shi介jie绍shao说shuo。“但dan现xian在zai,我wo们men可ke以yi真zhen正zheng从cong大da脑nao发fa育yu的de根gen源yuan来lai解jie释shi这zhe个ge问wen题ti,这zhe是shi一yi个ge很hen大da的de飞fei跃yue。”
MIT(麻ma省sheng理li工gong学xue院yuan)的de神shen经jing科ke学xue家jia在zai独du立li完wan成cheng的de另ling一yi项xiang研yan究jiu中zhong也ye得de出chu了le相xiang同tong的de结jie论lun。
“正zheng如ru大da家jia所suo想xiang象xiang的de那na样yang,在zai不bu那na么me富fu裕yu的de环huan境jing中zhong成cheng长chang真zhen的de会hui对dui儿er童tong大da脑nao发fa育yu有you影ying响xiang,”MIT大da脑nao和he认ren知zhi科ke学xue教jiao授shou加jia布bu里li·埃ai利li说shuo,“这zhe对dui我wo来lai说shuo意yi味wei着zhe接jie下xia来lai要yao有you所suo行xing动dong,来lai采cai取qu一yi些xie措cuo施shi为wei那na些xie有you需xu要yao的de儿er童tong提ti供gong足zu够gou的de帮bang助zhu和he机ji会hui。”
但dan这zhe项xiang研yan究jiu目mu前qian并bing没mei有you获huo得de临lin床chuang解jie剖pou学xue的de支zhi持chi,和he以yi前qian的de研yan究jiu结jie论lun类lei似si,只zhi是shi从cong另ling一yi方fang面mian支zhi持chi了le同tong年nian生sheng活huo在zai低di收shou入ru家jia庭ting的de学xue生sheng更geng倾qing向xiang于yu过guo早zao中zhong断duan学xue业ye流liu入ru社she会hui。
很hen可ke能neng这zhe是shi因yin为wei他ta们men缺que少shao获huo得de进jin一yi步bu教jiao育yu的de资zi源yuan,以yi及ji在zai发fa育yu早zao期qi缺que乏fa语yu言yan方fang面mian的de训xun练lian。
这zhe项xiang研yan究jiu的de样yang本ben涵han盖gai58名ming学xue生sheng——其qi中zhong23名ming来lai自zi低di收shou入ru家jia庭ting,35名ming来lai自zi高gao收shou入ru家jia庭ting,学xue生sheng平ping均yun年nian龄ling在zai12-13岁sui。所suo谓wei低di收shou入ru家jia庭ting,即ji满man足zu领ling取qu学xue校xiao免mian费fei补bu助zhu午wu餐can的de标biao准zhun。
研yan究jiu对dui比bi了le来lai自zi马ma萨sa诸zhu塞sai州zhou综zong合he评ping估gu系xi统tong(MCAS)的de学xue生sheng分fen数shu,同tong时shi对dui每mei位wei学xue生sheng的de大da脑nao进jin行xing了le核gai磁ci共gong振zhen(MRI)成cheng像xiang。结jie果guo表biao明ming,在zai大da脑nao皮pi层ceng颞nie叶ye和he枕zhen叶ye位wei置zhi出chu现xian了le厚hou度du的de差cha异yi,这zhe部bu分fen大da脑nao的de主zhu要yao功gong能neng是shi负fu责ze想xiang语yu言yan、记ji忆yi、空kong间jian想xiang象xiang力li以yi及ji逻luo辑ji推tui理li能neng力li。这zhe个ge差cha异yi在zai学xue业ye分fen数shu和he家jia庭ting收shou入ru出chu现xian相xiang关guan性xing。
麦mai戈ge文wen脑nao科ke学xue硏究jiu所suo的de一yi项xiang涉she及ji15,000名ming儿er童tong的de调tiao查cha显xian示shi,相xiang对dui于yu来lai自zi富fu裕yu家jia庭ting的de儿er童tong,来lai自zi贫pin穷qiong家jia庭ting的de儿er童tong在zai智zhi商shang测ce验yan中zhong获huo得de的de分fen数shu平ping均yun要yao低di6分fen。
但dan在zai另ling外wai一yi些xie大da脑nao解jie剖pou研yan究jiu中zhong,并bing没mei有you出chu现xian类lei似si的de显xian著zhu性xing差cha异yi。其qi大da脑nao白bai质zhi——大da脑nao轴zhou突tu组zu成cheng的de集ji束shu,并bing没mei有you出chu现xian差cha异yi,也ye没mei有you体ti现xian在zai表biao面mian结jie构gou有you任ren何he差cha异yi。
同tong时shi,研yan究jiu员yuan谨jin慎shen的de指zhi出chu,在zai研yan究jiu中zhong发fa现xian的de大da脑nao结jie构gou差cha异yi并bing非fei永yong久jiu性xing的de。
“有you大da量liang证zheng据ju表biao明ming,人ren类lei的de大da脑nao具ju有you高gao度du可ke塑su性xing,”麦mai戈ge文wen脑nao科ke学xue硏究jiu所suo的de加jia布bu里li埃ai利li说shuo,“这zhe项xiang研yan究jiu并bing不bu能neng否fou定ding学xue校xiao、家jia庭ting和he社she会hui因yin素su对dui大da脑nao的de影ying响xiang。”
在zai接jie下xia来lai的de研yan究jiu中zhong,研yan究jiu员yuan将jiang把ba中zhong心xin放fang在zai考kao察cha实shi施shi何he种zhong类lei型xing的de教jiao育yu,能neng够gou有you效xiao减jian少shao类lei似si的de大da脑nao发fa育yu差cha异yi。(可ke乐le/编bian译yi)【原文】