本文为【哪些孕妇不能适合自然分娩?】的汉字拼音对照版显示拼音
自zi然ran分fen娩wan是shi最zui佳jia的de分fen娩wan方fang式shi,但dan对dui于yu因yin疾ji病bing导dao致zhi不bu能neng自zi然ran分fen娩wan的de孕yun妈ma米mi来lai说shuo,剖pou宫gong产chan也ye许xu是shi最zui安an全quan的de选xuan择ze。今jin天tian,我wo们men就jiu来lai了le解jie一yi下xia孕yun妈ma咪mi在zai什shen么me情qing况kuang下xia不bu适shi合he选xuan择ze自zi然ran分fen娩wan,患huan有you某mou种zhong疾ji病bing的de孕yun妈ma咪mi在zai选xuan择ze分fen娩wan方fang式shi时shi又you该gai注zhu意yi哪na些xie呢ne?
胎tai儿er巨ju大da:胎tai宝bao宝bao体ti重chong达da到dao或huo超chao过guo4000g以yi及ji胎tai头tou双shuang顶ding径jing大da于yu9.5cm者zhe称cheng为wei巨ju大da儿er。胎tai儿er大da,手shou术shu助zhu产chan的de机ji会hui增zeng加jia,可ke引yin起qi胎tai儿er臂bi丛cong神shen经jing损sun伤shang、锁suo骨gu骨gu折zhe、颅lu内nei出chu血xue、肩jian难nan产chan、新xin生sheng儿er窒zhi息xi,甚shen至zhi死si亡wang。对dui妈ma咪mi而er言yan,严yan重chong的de软ruan产chan道dao裂lie伤shang,甚shen至zhi子zi宫gong破po裂lie,尾yi骨gu骨gu折zhe、尿niao漏lou、粪fen漏lou等deng,增zeng加jia手shou术shu助zhu产chan几ji率lv,易yi导dao致zhi感gan染ran。子zi宫gong收shou缩suo乏fa力li、产chan程cheng延yan长chang、易yi导dao致zhi产chan后hou出chu血xue。由you于yu盆pen底di组zu织zhi损sun伤shang,如ru后hou可ke导dao致zhi子zi宫gong脱tuo垂chui。
胎tai位wei异yi常chang:一yi般ban指zhi妊ren振zhen30周zhou后hou,胎tai儿er在zai子zi宫gong体ti内nei的de位wei置zhi不bu正zheng,较jiao长chang见jian于yu腹fu壁bi松song弛chi的de孕yun妈ma咪mi和he经jing产chan妇fu。胎tai位wei异yi常chang包bao括kuo臀tun位wei、横heng位wei、枕zhen后hou位wei、颜yan面mian位wei等deng。以yi臀tun位wei多duo见jian,而er横heng位wei对dui孕yun妈ma咪mi和he胎tai宝bao宝bao的de危wei害hai最zui严yan重chong。胎tai位wei异yi常chang导dao致zhi继ji发fa宫gong缩suo乏fa力li,使shi产chan程cheng延yan长chang,常chang需xu手shou术shu助zhu产chan,容rong易yi发fa生sheng软ruan产chan道dao损sun伤shang,增zeng加jia产chan后hou出chu血xue及ji感gan染ran机ji会hui,若ruo胎tai头tou长chang时shi间jian压ya迫po软ruan产chan道dao,可ke发fa生sheng缺que血xue坏huai死si脱tuo落luo,形xing成cheng生sheng殖zhi道dao瘘lou。发fa生sheng梗geng阻zu性xing难nan产chan,若ruo不bu及ji时shi处chu理li,造zao成cheng子zi宫gong破po裂lie,危wei及ji产chan妇fu生sheng命ming。第di二er产chan程cheng延yan长chang和he手shou术shu助zhu产chan机ji会hui增zeng多duo,由you于yu胎tai宝bao宝bao头tou部bu受shou压ya过guo久jiu,可ke引yin起qi颅lu内nei出chu血xue、新xin生sheng儿er窘jiong迫po、新xin生sheng儿er窒zhi息xi。胎tai宝bao宝bao面mian部bu受shou压ya变bian形xing,颜yan面mian皮pi肤fu青qing紫zi、肿zhong胀zhang,尤you以yi口kou唇chun为wei著zhu,从cong而er影ying响xiang吸xi吮shun,严yan重chong时shi可ke发fa生sheng喉hou头tou水shui肿zhong影ying响xiang吞tun咽yan及ji呼hu吸xi。
孕yun妈ma咪mi骨gu盆pen狭xia窄zhai或huo倾qing斜xie:骨gu盆pen狭xia窄zhai或huo倾qing斜xie就jiu是shi骨gu盆pen径jing线xian过guo短duan或huo形xing态tai异yi常chang,致zhi使shi骨gu盆pen腔qiang小xiao于yu胎tai先xian露lu部bu可ke通tong过guo的de限xian度du,阻zu碍ai胎tai先xian露lu部bu下xia降jiang,从cong而er影ying响xiang产chan程cheng顺shun利li进jin展zhan。若ruo为wei骨gu盆pen入ru口kou平ping面mian狭xia窄zhai,容rong易yi发fa生sheng胎tai位wei异yi常chang,常chang引yin起qi继ji发fa性xing宫gong缩suo乏fa力li,导dao致zhi产chan程cheng延yan长chang或huo停ting滞zhi。若ruo为wei中zhong骨gu盆pen平ping面mian狭xia窄zhai,影ying响xiang胎tai头tou内nei旋xuan转zhuan,胎tai头tou长chang时shi间jian嵌qian顿dun于yu产chan道dao内nei,压ya迫po软ruan组zu织zhi引yin起qi局ju部bu缺que血xue、水shui肿zhong、坏huai死si、脱tuo落luo,于yu产chan后hou形xing成cheng生sheng殖zhi道dao瘘lou;胎tai膜mo早zao破po及ji手shou术shu助zhu产chan增zeng加jia感gan染ran机ji会hui。严yan重chong性xing梗geng阻zu性xing难nan产chan若ruo不bu及ji时shi处chu理li,可ke导dao致zhi先xian兆zhao子zi宫gong破po裂lie,甚shen至zhi子zi宫gong破po裂lie,危wei及ji产chan妇fu生sheng命ming。对dui宝bao宝bao而er言yan,导dao致zhi胎tai儿er窘jiong迫po,甚shen至zhi死si亡wang;因yin产chan程cheng延yan长chang、胎tai头tou受shou压ya、缺que血xue缺que氧yang容rong易yi发fa生sheng颅lu内nei出chu血xue;产chan道dao狭xia窄zhai,手shou术shu助zhu产chan机ji会hui增zeng多duo,以yi发fa生sheng新xin生sheng儿er产chan伤shang及ji感gan染ran。
妊ren娠shen合he并bing心xin脏zang病bing:这zhe是shi产chan科ke严yan重chong的de合he并bing症zheng,目mu前qian仍reng是shi孕yun产chan妇fu死si亡wang的de主zhu要yao原yuan因yin,发fa病bing率lv0.5-1.5%。由you于yu妊ren娠shen,子zi宫gong增zeng大da,血xue容rong量liang增zeng多duo,加jia重chong了le心xin脏zang负fu担dan,分fen娩wan时shi子zi宫gong及ji全quan身shen骨gu骼ge肌ji收shou缩suo使shi大da量liang血xue液ye涌yong向xiang心xin脏zang,产chan后hou循xun环huan血xue量liang的de增zeng加jia,均yun易yi使shi有you病bing变bian的de心xin脏zang发fa生sheng心xin力li衰shuai竭jie。同tong时shi,由you于yu长chang期qi慢man性xing缺que氧yang,致zhi胎tai儿er宫gong内nei发fa育yu不bu良liang和he胎tai儿er窘jiong迫po。心xin脏zang病bing患huan者zhe能neng否fou安an全quan渡du过guo妊ren娠shen、分fen娩wan关guan,取qu决jue于yu心xin脏zang功gong能neng,故gu对dui此ci病bing必bi须xu高gao度du重chong视shi。
分fen娩wan方fang式shi的de选xuan择ze:患huan有you此ci类lei病bing症zheng的de孕yun妈ma咪mi应ying提ti前qian选xuan择ze适shi宜yi的de分fen娩wan方fang式shi。对dui心xin功gong能nengⅠ-Ⅱ级ji,胎tai儿er不bu大da,胎tai位wei正zheng常chang,宫gong颈jing条tiao件jian良liang好hao者zhe,可ke考kao虑lv在zai严yan密mi监jian护hu下xia经jing阴yin道dao分fen娩wan。对dui胎tai儿er不bu大da,产chan道dao条tiao件jian不bu佳jia及ji心xin功gong能nengⅢ-Ⅳ级ji者zhe,均yun应ying选xuan择ze择ze期qi剖pou宫gong产chan。
妊ren娠shen期qi重chong症zheng肝gan炎yan:妊ren娠shen期qi重chong症zheng肝gan炎yan的de症zheng状zhuang有you食shi欲yu减jian退tui、厌yan油you、频pin繁fan呕ou吐tu、腹fu胀zhang,继ji而er出chu现xian乏fa力li、皮pi肤fu黄huang染ran、尿niao色se深shen黄huang、消xiao化hua道dao出chu血xue、腹fu水shui、神shen智zhi淡dan漠mo、嗜shi睡shui等deng。在zai肝gan功gong能neng衰shuai竭jie基ji础chu上shang,以yi凝ning血xue功gong能neng障zhang碍ai所suo致zhi的de产chan后hou大da出chu血xue、消xiao化hua道dao出chu血xue、感gan染ran等deng为wei诱you因yin,最zui终zhong导dao致zhi肝gan性xing脑nao病bing和he肝gan肾shen综zong合he征zheng,是shi孕yun产chan妇fu死si亡wang的de主zhu要yao原yuan因yin之zhi一yi。妊ren娠shen期qi患huan病bing毒du性xing肝gan炎yan,胎tai儿er可ke通tong过guo垂chui直zhi传chuan播bo而er感gan染ran,由you以yi乙yi型xing肝gan炎yan母mu婴ying传chuan播bo率lv较jiao高gao。病bing毒du性xing肝gan炎yan与yu唐tang式shi综zong合he征zheng得de发fa病bing密mi切qie相xiang关guan。妊ren娠shen早zao期qi患huan病bing毒du性xing肝gan炎yan,胎tai儿er畸ji形xing的de发fa病bing率lv约yue高gao2倍bei。流liu产chan、早zao产chan、死si胎tai、死si产chan和he新xin生sheng儿er死si亡wang率lv均yun明ming显xian增zeng高gao。
【原文】