订阅本文为【春季呼吸道疾病预防(儿科医生推荐)】的汉字拼音对照版显示拼音
春chun季ji到dao来lai，医yi院yuan的de呼hu吸xi道dao疾ji病bing的de病bing人ren增zeng多duo，近jin期qi我wo们men医yi院yuan就jiu诊zhen的de患huan者zhe中zhong，咳ke嗽sou、感gan冒mao以yi及ji支zhi气qi管guan哮xiao喘chuan、气qi管guan炎yan、肺fei炎yan等deng呼hu吸xi道dao感gan染ran疾ji病bing的de患huan者zhe比bi平ping时shi增zeng多duo。由you于yu春chun季ji气qi温wen变bian化hua较jiao大da，人ren体ti的de免mian疫yi功gong能neng，特te别bie是shi呼hu吸xi道dao黏nian膜mo的de防fang病bing能neng力li难nan以yi有you效xiao发fa挥hui作zuo用yong，各ge种zhong病bing原yuan微wei生sheng物wu容rong易yi侵qin入ru，因yin此ci上shang呼hu吸xi道dao感gan染ran在zai春chun季ji最zui为wei常chang见jian。为wei此ci春chun季ji，提ti醒xing人ren们men要yao多duo喝he水shui，注zhu意yi个ge人ren卫wei生sheng，合he理li安an排pai饮yin食shi，加jia强qiang锻duan炼lian增zeng强qiang身shen体ti抵di抗kang病bing毒du和he细xi菌jun感gan染ran的de能neng力li。赣gan南nan医yi学xue院yuan第di一yi附fu属shu医yi院yuan儿er科ke刘liu跃yue梅mei
春chun季ji的de呼hu吸xi道dao感gan染ran力li的de病bing人ren中zhong，若ruo是shi2-3天tian症zheng状zhuang不bu好hao应ying及ji时shi就jiu医yi
呼hu吸xi道dao传chuan染ran病bing是shi指zhi病bing原yuan微wei生sheng物wu通tong过guo呼hu吸xi道dao侵qin入ru易yi感gan人ren体ti，并bing随sui呼hu吸xi道dao分fen泌mi物wu继ji续xu向xiang外wai传chuan播bo，侵qin入ru另ling一yi易yi感gan机ji体ti的de传chuan染ran性xing疾ji病bing。它ta包bao括kuo：流liu行xing性xing感gan冒mao、麻ma疹zhen、百bai日ri咳ke、水shui痘dou、流liu行xing性xing腮sai腺xian炎yan等deng。
可ke能neng有you人ren对dui呼hu吸xi道dao疾ji病bing了le解jie的de不bu多duo，其qi实shi呼hu吸xi道dao感gan染ran分fen上shang呼hu吸xi道dao感gan染ran和he下xia呼hu吸xi道dao感gan染ran两liang种zhong。上shang呼hu吸xi道dao感gan染ran主zhu要yao指zhi喉hou以yi上shang的de部bu位wei，包bao括kuo鼻bi、咽yan、喉hou等deng，包bao括kuo的de疾ji病bing有you感gan冒mao、咽yan炎yan、扁bian桃tao体ti炎yan、喉hou炎yan等deng。感gan冒mao的de症zheng状zhuang包bao括kuo流liu鼻bi涕ti、鼻bi子zi痒yang、打da喷pen嚏ti、鼻bi子zi干gan、轻qing微wei咳ke嗽sou、发fa烧shao、头tou疼teng等deng。咽yan炎yan的de症zheng状zhuang包bao括kuo嗓sang子zi干gan痒yang、干gan咳ke没mei有you痰tan等deng。扁bian桃tao体ti炎yan的de症zheng状zhuang主zhu要yao是shi咽yan喉hou肿zhong痛tong、吞tun咽yan东dong西xi后hou疼teng得de更geng厉li害hai而er且qie伴ban有you发fa烧shao。喉hou炎yan的de主zhu要yao症zheng状zhuang是shi咽yan喉hou肿zhong痛tong伴ban有you咳ke嗽sou，通tong常chang还huan伴ban有you发fa烧shao。下xia呼hu吸xi道dao感gan染ran主zhu要yao指zhi的de是shi喉hou以yi下xia的de部bu位wei，包bao括kuo气qi管guan、支zhi气qi管guan、肺fei，常chang见jian的de疾ji病bing有you气qi管guan炎yan、支zhi气qi管guan炎yan、肺fei炎yan，具ju体ti症zheng状zhuang主zhu要yao表biao现xian为wei剧ju烈lie咳ke嗽sou、多duo痰tan、喘chuan、出chu气qi困kun难nan等deng。
因yin为wei患huan单dan纯chun感gan冒mao时shi，可ke自zi服fu一yi些xie对dui症zheng的de药yao物wu，如ru具ju有you清qing热re解jie毒du和he退tui热re作zuo用yong的de感gan冒mao药yao、咳ke嗽sou药yao水shui等deng，同tong时shi多duo喝he水shui，多duo吃chi富fu含han维wei生sheng素su、易yi消xiao化hua的de食shi物wu，并bing注zhu意yi休xiu息xi。2至zhi3天tian后hou，如ru果guo症zheng状zhuang不bu好hao转zhuan或huo期qi间jian症zheng状zhuang加jia重chong，要yao及ji时shi就jiu诊zhen。慢man性xing阻zu塞sai性xing肺fei病bing或huo支zhi气qi管guan扩kuo张zhang患huan者zhe急ji性xing发fa作zuo时shi，应ying先xian尝chang试shi用yong一yi些xie上shang次ci发fa作zuo时shi有you疗liao效xiao的de药yao物wu。若ruo症zheng状zhuang无wu缓huan解jie或huo有you加jia重chong趋qu势shi，应ying及ji时shi就jiu医yi。老lao人ren、小xiao孩hai、有you较jiao严yan重chong慢man性xing基ji础chu疾ji病bing者zhe，以yi及ji症zheng状zhuang较jiao重chong者zhe，要yao及ji时shi看kan医yi生sheng，切qie忌ji在zai家jia自zi服fu抗kang生sheng素su，盲mang目mu滥lan用yong抗kang生sheng素su既ji容rong易yi诱you导dao细xi菌jun耐nai药yao。
呼hu吸xi道dao粘nian膜mo抵di抗kang力li降jiang低di易yi发fa病bing
“春chun季ji，气qi候hou干gan燥zao，干gan燥zao空kong气qi被bei吸xi入ru呼hu吸xi道dao，刺ci激ji呼hu吸xi道dao粘nian膜mo，使shi粘nian膜mo血xue管guan收shou缩suo，造zao成cheng局ju部bu贫pin血xue和he营ying养yang障zhang碍ai。另ling外wai，室shi内nei通tong风feng换huan气qi较jiao差cha，一yi些xie有you害hai病bing原yuan体ti繁fan殖zhi后hou，也ye能neng刺ci激ji呼hu吸xi道dao粘nian膜mo，使shi粘nian膜mo上shang皮pi的de纤qian毛mao运yun动dong减jian弱ruo，防fang御yu机ji能neng降jiang低di，这zhe是shi春chun季ji高gao发fa呼hu吸xi道dao感gan染ran的de主zhu要yao原yuan因yin之zhi一yi。”春chun季ji发fa生sheng呼hu吸xi道dao感gan染ran的de人ren较jiao多duo，易yi使shi上shang呼hu吸xi道dao粘nian膜mo受shou损sun，上shang皮pi细xi胞bao发fa生sheng变bian性xing、坏huai死si、脱tuo落luo等deng病bing理li改gai变bian。因yin而er呼hu吸xi道dao粘nian膜mo的de非fei特te异yi性xing免mian疫yi力li减jian低di，各ge种zhong病bing原yuan微wei生sheng物wu易yi于yu乘cheng虚xu而er入ru，以yi致zhi感gan染ran呼hu吸xi道dao传chuan染ran病bing。再zai加jia上shang春chun节jie期qi间jian，走zou亲qin访fang友you，人ren们men在zai室shi内nei活huo动dong的de时shi间jian较jiao多duo，彼bi此ci间jian密mi切qie接jie触chu机ji会hui增zeng多duo，你ni来lai我wo往wang，而er呼hu吸xi道dao传chuan染ran病bing可ke以yi通tong过guo飞fei沫mo传chuan播bo。因yin此ci，人ren们men密mi切qie接jie触chu增zeng加jia了le呼hu吸xi道dao传chuan染ran病bing的de传chuan播bo机ji会hui。
此ci外wai，春chun天tian空kong气qi中zhong的de粉fen尘chen浓nong度du较jiao高gao，这zhe些xie都dou会hui刺ci激ji呼hu吸xi道dao，引yin起qi痰tan液ye分fen泌mi增zeng加jia，纤qian毛mao运yun动dong功gong能neng障zhang碍ai，血xue管guan平ping滑hua肌ji痉jing挛luan收shou缩suo。再zai加jia上shang冬dong春chun交jiao替ti气qi温wen变bian化hua较jiao大da，忽hu冷leng忽hu热re，人ren体ti易yi感gan染ran风feng寒han，当dang局ju部bu防fang御yu功gong能neng下xia降jiang时shi，定ding居ju在zai呼hu吸xi道dao内nei的de细xi菌jun或huo外wai来lai病bing原yuan微wei生sheng物wu易yi乘cheng虚xu而er入ru，引yin起qi呼hu吸xi道dao感gan染ran。
呼hu吸xi道dao感gan染ran可ke传chuan播bo
灰hui尘chen是shi传chuan播bo的de一yi个ge途tu径jing，有you呼hu吸xi道dao传chuan染ran病bing病bing人ren的de痰tan液ye、鼻bi涕ti里li有you大da量liang病bing菌jun，由you于yu随sui地di吐tu痰tan或huo乱luan擤xing鼻bi涕ti，这zhe些xie痰tan、涕ti干gan燥zao后hou，夹jia在zai里li面mian的de病bing菌jun就jiu会hui随sui着zhe灰hui尘chen到dao处chu飞fei扬yang，一yi旦dan被bei人ren吸xi入ru就jiu被bei感gan染ran。此ci外wai，手shou也ye能neng传chuan播bo呼hu吸xi道dao感gan染ran细xi菌jun，有you呼hu吸xi道dao传chuan染ran病bing病bing人ren在zai擤xing鼻bi涕ti、挖wa鼻bi腔qiang、用yong手shou帕pa揩kai鼻bi涕ti时shi手shou上shang沾zhan有you大da量liang病bing菌jun，当dang病bing人ren的de手shou拿na了le笔bi、簿bao子zi、书shu本ben、抹mo桌zhuo子zi、搞gao玩wan具ju等deng，在zai这zhe些xie物wu品pin表biao面mian留liu下xia大da量liang病bing菌jun，健jian康kang人ren用yong手shou接jie触chu了le这zhe些xie东dong西xi，会hui沾zhan上shang病bing菌jun，如ru果guo事shi先xian未wei彻che底di洗xi手shou，用yong手shou去qu挖wa鼻bi子zi，病bing菌jun就jiu有you可ke能neng从cong鼻bi腔qiang进jin入ru呼hu吸xi道dao引yin起qi发fa病bing。另ling外wai，到dao人ren多duo的de公gong共gong场chang所suo，如ru超chao市shi、商shang场chang，由you于yu人ren互hu相xiang接jie触chu机ji会hui多duo，一yi方fang面mian从cong超chao市shi、商shang场chang里li病bing人ren的de飞fei沫mo中zhong受shou到dao感gan染ran，又you可ke以yi通tong过guo手shou在zai触chu摸mo电dian梯ti扶fu手shou，门men把ba、扶fu杆gan等deng而er感gan染ran得de病bing。
锻duan炼lian身shen体ti能neng预yu防fang呼hu吸xi道dao感gan染ran
“春chun季ji，市shi民min要yao多duo喝he水shui，注zhu意yi个ge人ren卫wei生sheng，合he理li安an排pai饮yin食shi，加jia强qiang锻duan炼lian增zeng强qiang身shen体ti这zhe些xie都dou能neng提ti高gao身shen体ti的de抵di抗kang力li，预yu防fang呼hu吸xi道dao疾ji病bing”。
居ju室shi要yao经jing常chang通tong风feng，保bao持chi一yi定ding湿shi度du，经jing常chang洗xi晒shai被bei褥ru和he枕zhen头tou。感gan冒mao流liu行xing时shi，应ying尽jin量liang避bi免mian去qu人ren多duo拥yong挤ji的de地di方fang，减jian少shao感gan染ran机ji会hui。感gan冒mao患huan者zhe，特te别bie是shi流liu感gan患huan者zhe，在zai发fa病bing早zao期qi应ying注zhu意yi隔ge离li。感gan冒mao患huan者zhe应ying带dai口kou罩zhao，避bi免mian直zhi接jie对dui他ta人ren打da喷pen嚏ti或huo咳ke嗽sou。纸zhi烟yan含han焦jiao油you、尼ni古gu丁ding和he氢qing氰qing酸suan等deng多duo种zhong有you害hai物wu质zhi，可ke使shi支zhi气qi管guan痉jing挛luan，黏nian液ye分fen泌mi增zeng多duo，呼hu吸xi道dao净jing化hua防fang御yu功gong能neng减jian弱ruo，容rong易yi引yin起qi肺fei部bu感gan染ran。吸xi烟yan还huan能neng引yin起qi小xiao血xue管guan特te别bie是shi肺fei小xiao血xue管guan痉jing挛luan收shou缩suo，加jia重chong肺fei动dong脉mai高gao压ya和he心xin肌ji缺que氧yang。此ci外wai，纸zhi烟yan中zhong含han有you致zhi癌ai物wu，因yin此ci，强qiang烈lie建jian议yi吸xi烟yan者zhe，特te别bie是shi有you反fan复fu呼hu吸xi道dao感gan染ran，患huan慢man性xing阻zu塞sai性xing肺fei病bing者zhe戒jie烟yan。劳lao逸yi结jie合he，避bi免mian过guo度du疲pi劳lao，加jia强qiang营ying养yang，在zai均yun衡heng饮yin食shi和he不bu偏pian食shi的de基ji础chu上shang多duo食shi鱼yu类lei、牛niu奶nai、鸡ji蛋dan、豆dou制zhi品pin、蔬shu菜cai和he水shui果guo，加jia强qiang体ti育yu锻duan炼lian等deng，都dou能neng增zeng强qiang机ji体ti的de抗kang病bing能neng力li。此ci外wai，口kou腔qiang是shi上shang呼hu吸xi道dao的de组zu成cheng部bu分fen，不bu注zhu意yi口kou腔qiang卫wei生sheng会hui引yin起qi口kou腔qiang内nei细xi菌jun增zeng多duo，当dang抵di抗kang力li下xia降jiang时shi，易yi引yin起qi吸xi入ru性xing肺fei炎yan。因yin此ci，饭fan后hou漱shu口kou、早zao晚wan刷shua牙ya是shi每mei个ge人ren都dou应ying养yang成cheng的de好hao习xi惯guan。学xue龄ling儿er童tong、年nian老lao体ti弱ruo、反fan复fu感gan冒mao者zhe可ke在zai医yi生sheng指zhi导dao下xia注zhu射she疫yi苗miao，增zeng强qiang免mian疫yi力li。
冬dong末mo春chun初chu，早zao晚wan温wen差cha较jiao大da，因yin这zhe种zhong气qi候hou影ying响xiang，鸡ji呼hu吸xi系xi统tong疾ji病bing就jiu很hen复fu杂duo，多duo种zhong因yin素su都dou可ke能neng造zao成cheng呼hu吸xi道dao综zong合he症zheng的de发fa生sheng。
【原文】
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