[考研词汇]考研阅读词汇4

Unit Seven

Netiquette (1)网上礼仪

What is Netiquette? Simply stated, it’s network etiquette----that is ,the etiquette of cyberspace. And “etiquette” means “the forms required by good breeding or prescribed by authority to be required in social or official life.” In other words, Netiquette is a set of rules for behaving properly online.

①When you enter any new culture you’re liable to commit a few social blunders. You might offend people without meaning to. To make matters worse, something about cyberspace makes it easy to forget that you’re interacting with other real people ---- not just ASCII characters on a screen, but live human characters.

The list of core rules below, and the explanations that follow, are offered here as a set of general guidelines for cyberspace behavior. They won’t answer all your Netiquette questions. But they should give you some basic principles to use in solving your own Netiquette dilemmas.

Rule 1: Remember the human.

When you communicate electronically, all you see is a computer screen. You don’t have the opportunity to use facial expressions, gestures, and tone of voice to communicate your meaning ;words-----lonely written words-----are all you’ve got. And that goes for your correspondent as well.

It’s ironic, really. ②Computer networks bring people together who’d otherwise never meet. But the impersonality of the medium changes that meeting to something less well, less personal. Humans exchanging email often behave the way some people behind the wheel of a car do : they curse at other drivers, make obscene gestures, and generally behave like savages.

The message of Netiquette is that it’s not acceptable. Yes, use your network connections to express yourself freely, explore strange new worlds, and boldly go where you’ve never gone before. But remember the Prime Directive of Netiquette: Those are real people out there.

Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life.

Guy Kawasaki tells a story about getting email from some fellow he’s never met. Online, this fellow tells Guy that he’s a bad writer with nothing interesting to say

Unbelievably rude? Yes, but unfortunately, it happens all the time in cyberspace.

Maybe it’s the awesome power of being able to send mail directly to a well-known writer like Guy. Maybe it’s the fact that you can’t see his face crumple in misery as he reads your crude words, whatever the reason, it’s incredibly common.

Guy proposes a useful test for anything you’re about to post or mail: Ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face?” If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. ③Repeat the process till feel sure that you’d feel as comfortable saying these words to the live person as you do sending them through cyberspace.

生词与联想词

etiquette

net--------------network

cyberspace

breed-----------cultivate

prescribe--------prescription

liable--------------------------------liability

blunder

offend---------offense/offence---------------offensive

interact-------intercourse

principle-------------------------formula--------------doctrine

dilemma

gesture

electron---------electronic----------electronics

correspond----------correspondence------correspondent------corresponding

ironic-----satire----------mock----------tease

curse-------swear----------oath

obscene

savage--------fierce--------------brutal-----------primitive

explore---------exploration-------------expedition

prime

adhere----------cling---------------glue----------------------paste--------------sticky

writer-----------writing-----author------masterpiece------classic-----classical----manuscript

awesome

crumple

misery---------miserable

incredible

propose----------------------proposal

Unit Eight

Netiquette (2)

Rule 3: Respect other people’s time and bandwidth.

People today seem to have less time than ever before. When you send email or post to a discussion group, you’re taking up other people’s time (or hoping to). It’s your responsibility to ensure that the time they spend reading your posting isn’t wasted.

The word “bandwidth” is sometimes used synonymously with time, but it’s really a different thing. Bandwidth is the information-carrying capacity of the wires and channels that connect everyone in cyberspace. There’s a limit to the amount of data that any piece of wiring can carry at any given moment---even a up-to-date fiber-optic cable. The word “bandwidth” is also sometimes used to refer to the storage capacity of a host system.

Rule 4: You not the center of cyberspace.

①Presumably, this reminder will be superfluous to most readers. But I include it anyway, because when you’re working hard on a project and deeply involved in it, it’s easy to forget that other people have concerns other than yours. So don’t expect instant responses to all your questions, and don’t assume that all readers will agree with --- or care about ---your passionate arguments.

Rule 5: Make yourself look good online.

②I don’t want to give the impression that the net is a cold, cruel place full of people who just can’t wait to insult each other. Networks---particularly discussion groups----let you reach out to people you’d otherwise never meet. You won’t be judged by the color of your skin, eyes, or hair, your weight, your age, or your clothing.

You will, however, be judged by the quality of your writing. For most people who choose to communicate online, this is an advantage; if they didn’t enjoy using the written word, they wouldn’t be there. So spelling and grammar do count.

Rule 6: Share expert knowledge.

Finally, after all that negativity , some positive advice.

The strength of cyberspace is in its numbers. The reason asking questions online works is that a lot of knowledgeable people are reading the questions. And if even few of them offer intelligent answers, the sum total of world knowledge increases. The Internet itself was founded and grew because scientists wanted to share information. Gradually, the rest of us got in on the act.

It’s especially polite to share the results of your questions with others. When you anticipate that you’ll get a lot of answers to a question, when you post a question to a discussion group that you don’t visit often, it’s customary to request replies by email instead of to the group. When you get all those responses, write up a summary and post it to the discussion group. That way, everyone benefits from the experts who took the time to write to you.

生词与联想词

band----bandwidth-----width-----------breadth-------strap

responsibility----------responsible

ensure-----------------synonym--------synonymous

capacity--------capable

channel-----tunnel-------canal

fiber-------------nylon

optic-------optical-----visual-------aural--------oral

cable-----------telegraph

refer----------------------------infer

storage

host--------------hostess

presume----------------------presumably---------assume-------assumption

superfluous

project--------projector

passion---------passionate

impression-------------impress----------------impressive

insult-------abuse

advantage-----gain/have an advantage over----take advantage of------advantageous---disadvantage

grammar—noun—pronoun—verb—verbal—adjective—adverb—preposition—conjunction—

----singular—plural—phrase—idiom—clause—auxiliary

expert----------expertise

intelligent-----------intelligence

sum----------sum up

gradual

anticipate------expect—expectation

customary---------orthodox

summary------summarize/summarise-----sketch-----------skeleton

benefit------------------beneficial