背单词专题:构词记忆法
构词理论
构词法是行之有效的传统记词法, 据统计可覆盖80%的英语词汇, 虽然实际有效率要低于此数. 采用这种方法记单词可大大减轻记忆量. 如:
expel 驱逐
impel驱动
dispel驱散
I 构词法的成分分为前缀, 词根和后缀
1. 前缀prediction = pre-dict-ion =预言
2. 词根prediction
3. 后缀prediction
II 构词成分之间经常需补上一个元音字母或一个音节, 使之便于发音, 如:
centigrade = cent-i-grade = 100级=摄氏
illuminate = il-lu-min-ate = to+light+补足成分+ v.=照亮
III 构词成分常有省略现象, 如字母x后的s常省略:
exert = ex (s) ert 运用, 施行
后缀也有变体:
table—tabular. (ble=n. bular=adj.)
grain—granular. (grain=n. granular=adj.)
后缀还有共享形式:
articulate=article-ate=象文章一样=清晰的, 有条理的distinct, clear.
例: That man is not very articulate. articulate=article-ate=发音清晰地说, 表现(思想).
V 化学、医学名词常取形容词后缀形式:
desiccant干燥剂
retardant抑制剂
additive添加剂
precipitant沉淀剂
propellant推进剂(火药)
repellent驱虫剂, 防护剂
VI 英语中存在许多可互换的字母，如：
p—b: describe—description
f—v: wife—wives, life—lives
v—w: vin—win (invincible = not-win-ible=不可战胜) vaste=waste (devastate)
词根
词根是构词法的核心，记住了词根就可以举一反三，快速扩大词汇量，本文只选部分核心词根，都是必知道的：
anim=mind
magnanimous =magn-anim-ous=great-mind-a.=宽宏大量的
unanimous =uni-anim-ous=one-mind-a.=一致同意的
pusillanimous =pusill-anim-ous=small-mind-a.=怯懦的
aqu=water
aquatic =aqu-tic=water-a.=水生的
aquarium =aqu-rium=water-place=水族馆，水箱
aqueduct =aqu-duct=water-pipe=水沟
aquanaut =aqu-naut=water-sailor=深水操作人员
bio=life
autobiography =auto-bio-graphy=self-life-book=自传
amphibian =amphi-bio-an=two-life-a.=两栖的
antibiotic =anti-bio-tic=against-life-a.=抗生素
symbiosis sym-bio-sis=together-life-n.=共生
cline=lean倾斜
decline =de-cline=down-lean=下降
incline =in-cline=to-lean=倾向于
recline =re-cline=back-lean=斜倚
count=数
discount dis-count=away-count=折扣
recount re-count=又数一遍=详述
cure=care
curator cure-ate-or=care-v.-n.=care-person=管理者=馆长
err=wander
err =wander away from standard=make mistakes. 反: rectify
errand =err-and=wander-n.=差使, 差事
aberrant =ab-err-ant=from-wander-a.=wander away from norm=背离常道的.
aberrance=n. 反: normal
erroneous =err-on-ous=wander-n.-a.=错误的
aberration =ab-err-tion=away-go-n.=离开常规=脱离常规, 精神错乱
erratic =err-tic=go-a.=go away from the norm=离开常轨的=乖辟的, 古怪的
inconsistent; unpredictable; aimless. 反: regular.
gon=角
diagonal =dia-gon-al=through-角-a.=对角线
conglomerate =con-glomer-ate=together-group-v.=聚集.
Congruent =con-gru-ent=together-group-a.=一致的, 适合的.
here hes=stick
adhere =ad-here=to stick=坚持, 粘附. adherent=a.
adhesive =ad-hes-ive=to stick-thing=粘胶剂. adhesion=n.
cohere =co-here=together-stick=粘着, 结合.
Hesitate =hes-it-ate=stick-go-v.=犹豫
Inherent =in-here-ent=在里面的=固有的, 天生的
insul=island
labor=work hard
laboratory =labor-tory=work place=实验室
belabor =be-labor=v.-work=作多余的说明
collaborate =col-labor-ate=together-work-v.=合作.
Elaborate =e-labor-ate=out-work-v.=精心制作, 阐述. 反: simplify
leg lect lig=choose选择
elegant =e-leg-ant=out-choose-a.=优雅的
eligible =e-lig-ible=out-choose-a.=合格的
neglect =neg-lect=not-choose=忽略.
illusion =il-lusion=幻想
delusion =de-luse-ion=down-play-n.=错觉
ludicrous =lude-crous=play-a.=可笑的
prelude =pre-lude=before-play=序幕
merge merse=“没”(mo), dip, plunge
merge =sink=吞没, 合并
emerge =e-merge=out-没=没出来=出现
emergency =emerge-ency=出现-n.=紧急情况, 非常时刻
submerge =sub-merge=向下没去=置于水中, 沉没
immerse =im-merse=in-sink=沉浸 淹没.
Mutual =mut-ual=change-a.=相互的
Commute =com-mute=to move=跑通勤 trip between home and work
mac magn maj max=large
magnify =magn-ify=放大, 夸大
magnificent =magn-fic-ent=large-thing-a.=宏大的, 壮观的
magnitude =magn-tude=large-n.=广大, 大小, 数量
magnanimous =magn-anim-ous=large-mind-a.=胸怀宽阔的
magnate =mag-nate=大者=大腕.
Majestic =maj-es-tic=large-a.=威严的
Maximum =max-im-um=large-a.=最大
mini=small
miniature =mini-ture=small-n.=缩图
minimum =mini-um=small-a.=最小, 最少
minibus =mini-bus=small bus=小型公共汽车
diminish =di-mini-ish=down-small-v.=减少, 缩小
administer =ad-minister=to-行使部长职权=管理
mo(u)nt min=mountain heap ride
dismount =dis-mount=反动作-跨上=下来, 取下
eminent =e-min-ent=out-heap-a.=杰出的, 闻名的
prominent =pro-min-ent=forward-heap-a.=突出的, 著名的
par pare para=pair谐音“配”
parallel =para-lel=pair-height=相似的, 平行的
compare =com-pair=together-pair=比较.
impair =im-pair=not-pair=损害
parasite =para-site=pair-sit=寄生虫
paraphrase =para-phrase=pair-sentence=(用自己的话)解释
hydrophobia =hydro-phobe-ia=water-fear-disease=恐水症，狂犬病
claustrophobia =clauster-phobe-ia=close-fear-disease=幽闲恐惧症
xenophobia =xeno-phobe-ia=foreign-fear-disease=仇外，生人恐惧症
pot=power
potent =pot-ent=power-a.=有力的, 有效的.
Impotent =im-potent=no-power=无能的, 阳萎的
potential =potent-ial=power-a.=潜能, 潜力
omnipotent =omni-potent=all-power=全能的
rect reg rig=straight stand
sanctify =sanct-fy=saint-v.=使神圣, 使成为正当
sanction =sanct-ion=saint-n.=批准
sal san=健康
sanitarium =san-rium=health-place=疗养院
sanitary =san-ary=health-a.=健康的
sec(u) sequ sue=follow
persecute =per-sec-ute=through-follow-v.=迫害
consecutive =con-sec-ute-ive=together-follow-v.-a.=连续不断的
execute =ex-sec-ute=out-follow-v.=实施, 执行. execution, n.
insect =in-sect=in-cut=划分至最小单位=昆虫
bisect =bi-sect=two-cut=分为两份
trisect =tri-sect=three-cut=分为三份
dissect =dis-sect=apart-cut=cut up=解剖, 分割
sed sede sess side site=sit
assiduous =as-side-ous=to sit-a.=坐着学习=刻苦
possess =post-sess=behind-sit=坐在后面>拥有.
Dissident =dis-side-ent=apart-sit-a.=持不同政见者
obsess =ob-sess=to-sit=迷恋.
Preside =pre-side=before-sit=坐在前面=主持
simulate =simul-ate=same-make=模拟, 假装
simultaneous =simul-tane-ous=same-time-a.=同时的
assimilate =as-simil-ate=to-same-make=同化, 吸收.
Dissemble =dis-semble=not-same=假装vi. 反: behave honestly
son=“声”sound
consonant =con-son-ant=together-sound-a.=和谐的, 一致的
resonant =re-son-ant=back-sound-a.=回声的
sonometer =sound-meter=弦音计
unison =uni-son=one-sound=和诣concord, agreement
test=witness, look看
testify =test-fy=witness-make=作证, 证明
attest =at-test=to-witness=证明, 表明
detest =de-test=away-look=憎恶
protest =pro-test=before-look=抗议, 反对
contest =con-test=together-look=竞争、争辩
ter=“土”land
territory =ter-tory=land-place=领土, 版图
terrace =ter-ace=land-n.=平台, 梯田
terrain =ter-ain=land-n.=地面, 地形, 领域
torment =tor-ment=twist-n.=折磨, 苦恼
tornado =torn-ado=twist-thing=龙卷风
torture =tort-ure=twist-n.=折磨, 拷打
distort =dis-tort=apart-twist=扭, 曲解. distortion=n.
extort =ex-tort=out-twist=勒索. extortion=n.
retort=re-tort=back-twist=反驳
via vey voy=way, go (v=w)
via =via=way-n.=通过
obvious =ob-via-ous=on-way-a.=明显的
previous =pre-via-ous=before-way-a.=前面的
