JAVA与C#对照学习系列 —— 数据结构
我个人的感觉：通过练习数据结构在不同语言中的实现，可以很快熟悉新学语言，了解彼此的差异。
Java类中的嵌套类可以就是类中的一个field，可以在嵌套类中直接访问其它field，而嵌套类中的field也对外面暴露！而在C#中情况却与JAVA不同，其又没有C++的friend关键字！怎么办？我在网上看到一个网站号称《 Data Structures and Algorithms with Object-Oriented Design Patterns 》，起上有C++、JAVA、C#数据结构实现的源码，看看别人的定义：
以LinkedList为例：
//
// This file contains the C++ code from Program 4.9 of
// "Data Structures and Algorithms
// with Object-Oriented Design Patterns in C++"
// by Bruno R. Preiss.
//
// Copyright (c) 1998 by Bruno R. Preiss, P.Eng. All rights reserved.
//
// http://www.pads.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus4/programs/pgm04_09.cpp
//
template <class T>//此处如不事先声明，C++编译器会提示（*）中找不到LinkedList
class LinkedList;//而C#不必如此！
template <class T>
class ListElement
{
T datum;
ListElement* next;
ListElement (T const&, ListElement*);
public:
T const& Datum () const;
ListElement const* Next () const;
friend LinkedList<T>;//*
};
template <class T>
class LinkedList
{
ListElement<T>* head;
ListElement<T>* tail;
public:
LinkedList ();
~LinkedList ();
LinkedList (LinkedList const&);
LinkedList& operator = (LinkedList const&);
ListElement<T> const* Head () const;
ListElement<T> const* Tail () const;
bool IsEmpty () const;
T const& First () const;
T const& Last () const;
void Prepend (T const&);
void Append (T const&);
void Extract (T const&);
void Purge ();
void InsertAfter (ListElement<T> const*, T const&);
void InsertBefore (ListElement<T> const*, T const&);
};
//
// This file contains the Java code from Program 4.13 of
// "Data Structures and Algorithms
// with Object-Oriented Design Patterns in Java"
// by Bruno R. Preiss.
//
// Copyright (c) 1998 by Bruno R. Preiss, P.Eng. All rights reserved.
//
// http://www.pads.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus5/programs/pgm04_13.txt
//
public class LinkedList
{
protected Element head;
protected Element tail;
public final class Element//嵌套类，使用private修饰应该也可以
{
Object datum;
Element next;
Element (Object datum, Element next)
{
this.datum = datum;
this.next = next;
}
public Object getDatum ()
{ return datum; }
public Element getNext ()
{ return next; }
// ...
}
// ...
}
//
// This file contains the C# code from Program 4.12 of
// "Data Structures and Algorithms
// with Object-Oriented Design Patterns in C#"
// by Bruno R. Preiss.
//
// Copyright (c) 2001 by Bruno R. Preiss, P.Eng. All rights reserved.
// 注意：C#的历史也有几年了！哈哈！
// http://www.pads.uwaterloo.ca/Bruno.Preiss/books/opus6/programs/pgm04_12.txt
//
public class LinkedList
{
protected Element head;
protected Element tail;
public sealed class Element//关键字sealed与Java的final类似，但是final功能多！
{
internal LinkedList list;//关键字internal
internal object datum;
internal Element next;
internal Element(
LinkedList list, object datum, Element next)
{
this.list = list;
this.datum = datum;
this.next = next;
}
public object Datum
{ get { return datum; } }
public Element Next
{ get { return next; } }
// ...
}
// ...
}
其网站上有在线文档，还有各个类与接口间的关系图。把它们都领会还是要费些功夫，我正在努力中！
我想在这里我们还可以学到如何组织类、接口，个语言间的异同。在学习数据结构时还可以接触Pattern的思想，何乐而不为！
如果你熟悉数据结构可以直接下载源代码来看，且当复习！