如何用C#来部署数据库
现在好多程序，都是与数据库相关的，因此在做安装的时候，部署数据库看似是一件很复杂的事情。其实就我个人而言，部署数据库是很简单，大致的思路如下：
1． 用本身的DBMS来产生数据库创建的SQL脚本；
2． 接下来就是写程序来执行SQL脚本，从而达到创建数据库的目的。
以下用一个举例来说明，数据库服务器用的是SQL Server。
首先要在数据库生成好的SQL脚本最前头，加入如下语句：
use master
GO
if exists (select * from sysdatabases where name='mytest')
drop database mytest
GO
create database mytest
GO
use mytest
GO
注：其中“mytest”是要创建的数据库名。
而程序的代码如下：
//---------------------------Create DB-------------------------------------
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
//---File:frmCreateDB.cs
//---Description:The main form file to create database using specific SQL file
//---Author:Knight
//---Date:Mar.18, 2006
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
//-------------------------{ Create DB }-----------------------------------
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.IO;
namespace CreateDB
{
///<summary>
/// Summary description for frmCreateDB.
///</summary>
public class frmCreateDB : System.Windows.Forms.Form
{
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtServerName;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtUserName;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtPassword;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnCreateDB;
///<summary>
/// Required designer variable.
///</summary>
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
public frmCreateDB()
{
//
// Required for Windows Form Designer support
//
InitializeComponent();
//
// TODO: Add any constructor code after InitializeComponent call
//
}
///<summary>
/// Clean up any resources being used.
///</summary>
protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
{
if( disposing )
{
if (components != null)
{
components.Dispose();
}
}
base.Dispose( disposing );
}
#region Windows Form Designer generated code
///<summary>
/// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
/// the contents of this method with the code editor.
///</summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.txtServerName = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.txtUserName = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.txtPassword = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
this.label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.btnCreateDB = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// label1
//
this.label1.AutoSize = true;
this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(32, 32);
this.label1.Name = "label1";
this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(74, 16);
this.label1.TabIndex = 0;
this.label1.Text = "Server Name:";
//
// txtServerName
//
this.txtServerName.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 32);
this.txtServerName.Name = "txtServerName";
this.txtServerName.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20);
this.txtServerName.TabIndex = 1;
this.txtServerName.Text = "";
//
// txtUserName
//
this.txtUserName.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 64);
this.txtUserName.Name = "txtUserName";
this.txtUserName.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20);
this.txtUserName.TabIndex = 3;
this.txtUserName.Text = "";
//
// label2
//
this.label2.AutoSize = true;
this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(40, 64);
this.label2.Name = "label2";
this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(64, 16);
this.label2.TabIndex = 2;
this.label2.Text = "User Name:";
//
// txtPassword
//
this.txtPassword.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 96);
this.txtPassword.Name = "txtPassword";
this.txtPassword.PasswordChar = '*';
this.txtPassword.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20);
this.txtPassword.TabIndex = 5;
this.txtPassword.Text = "";
//
// label3
//
this.label3.AutoSize = true;
this.label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(48, 96);
this.label3.Name = "label3";
this.label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(57, 16);
this.label3.TabIndex = 4;
this.label3.Text = "Password:";
//
// btnCreateDB
//
this.btnCreateDB.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(168, 136);
this.btnCreateDB.Name = "btnCreateDB";
this.btnCreateDB.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(104, 23);
this.btnCreateDB.TabIndex = 6;
this.btnCreateDB.Text = "&Create DB";
this.btnCreateDB.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnCreateDB_Click);
//
// frmCreateDB
//
this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(306, 175);
this.Controls.Add(this.btnCreateDB);
this.Controls.Add(this.txtPassword);
this.Controls.Add(this.label3);
this.Controls.Add(this.txtUserName);
this.Controls.Add(this.label2);
this.Controls.Add(this.txtServerName);
this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
this.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.FixedSingle;
this.MaximizeBox = false;
this.Name = "frmCreateDB";
this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
this.Text = "Create DB";
this.ResumeLayout(false);
}
#endregion
///<summary>
/// The main entry point for the application.
///</summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
Application.Run(new frmCreateDB());
}
private void btnCreateDB_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection();
sqlConn.ConnectionString = "Data Source= " + txtServerName.Text + ";"
+ " User id=" + txtUserName.Text + ";"
+ " Password=" + txtPassword.Text + "; Initial Catalog=master";
try
{
sqlConn.Open();
}
catch
{
MessageBox.Show( "Failed to connect to DB!" );
return;
}
//Create DB using specific file
CreateDB( ref sqlConn );
sqlConn.Close();
sqlConn.Dispose();
}
private bool ReadSQLFromFile(out string strQuery)
{
const string strFileName = "DBFile.sql";//Give specific SQL file
strQuery = ""; //Init return value
if( File.Exists(strFileName) )
{
StreamReader sr = File.OpenText(strFileName);
strQuery = sr.ReadToEnd();
sr.Close();
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
private bool CreateDB( ref SqlConnection sqlConn )
{
string strQuery;
if( ReadSQLFromFile( out strQuery ) )
{
strQuery = strQuery.Replace( "\r\n", " " );
strQuery = strQuery.Replace( " GO ", " ; " );
SqlCommand sqlComm = new SqlCommand( strQuery, sqlConn );
try
{
sqlComm.ExecuteNonQuery();
return true;
}
catch( SqlException sqlErr )
{
MessageBox.Show( sqlErr.Message );
}
catch
{
}
sqlComm.Dispose();
}
return true;
}
}
}
要注意的是在SQL脚本中的“\r\n”，在SQLCommand中是无法识别，因此要替换为空格；其次“GO” 在SQLCommand中也是无法识别，但为了使每条语句都执行，因此我在这里，用“；”来替换。
注：程序的位置和SQL脚本文件的位置为同一目录下，如果觉得不方便的话，可以在我的基础上再延伸。
