VB.NET中的组件开发

王朝c#·作者佚名 2008-05-19

简介：组件其实是一段可以重用的代码，通过遵循IComponent接口的标准来实现一个组件，所以有组件都是派生于Component类，由Component类来实现IComponent接口。在组件中应正确使用函数的访问级别来控制外部对其的访问限制。

只要有足够的权限就可以将组件放到自己的程序中而不用担心组件会产生多大的错误，因为组件已经经过测试的。比如说可以把一段登录的程序做成一个组件，或者把经常使用到的一些功能也做成组件，这样就可以减少开发中的错误，也可以缩短开发时间。组件之间也可以互相套用，如一个组件引用另一个组件，都是没问题，但要先在Add Reference中添加对组件的引用，在.NET中是通过把组件放在程序集中来实现的，程序集中存放着这些组件所依赖的文件信息和所在路径，因此CLR就可以通过这些信息来确定组件所需要的其他程序集的位置。

（另外在组件设计过程中应好好利用接口来设计组件）

在VS中创建组件：选建一个Project,再从模板中选Class Library，OK。接着再从Project菜单中Add Component,到些为止，组件的一个框架就呈现在眼前，平台自动继承了Component类和构造函数。可以删除原先创建类库时自动生成的Class1，看应用的需要。接着就可以在组件类里写要实现的功能，最后从Build（生成）菜单中选择Build Solution(生成解决方案）来生成组件。如果生成成功的话，到应用程序的BIN目录下会看到一个DLL文件。

引用组件：只要在Solution Explorer窗口中，添加对DLL的Reference就可以了。

Imports loginValidator

Imports System.Data

Imports System.Data.SqlClient

Public Class loginFormClass loginForm

Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form

#Region " Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码 "

Public Sub New()Sub New()

MyBase.New()

'该调用是 Windows 窗体设计器所必需的。

InitializeComponent()

'在 InitializeComponent() 调用之后添加任何初始化

End Sub

'窗体重写 dispose 以清理组件列表。

Protected Overloads Overrides Sub Dispose()Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean)

If disposing Then

If Not (components Is Nothing) Then

components.Dispose()

End If

MyBase.Dispose(disposing)

End Sub

'Windows 窗体设计器所必需的

Private components As System.ComponentModel.IContainer

'注意: 以下过程是 Windows 窗体设计器所必需的

'可以使用 Windows 窗体设计器修改此过程。

'不要使用代码编辑器修改它。

Friend WithEvents lblUserPwd As System.Windows.Forms.Label

Friend WithEvents lblUserName As System.Windows.Forms.Label

Friend WithEvents txtUserName As System.Windows.Forms.TextBox

Friend WithEvents txtUserPwd As System.Windows.Forms.TextBox

Friend WithEvents btnSubmit As System.Windows.Forms.Button

Friend WithEvents btnExit As System.Windows.Forms.Button

Friend WithEvents Label1 As System.Windows.Forms.Label

Friend WithEvents Label2 As System.Windows.Forms.Label

Friend WithEvents btnCancel As System.Windows.Forms.Button

Friend WithEvents Label3 As System.Windows.Forms.Label

<System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough()> Private Sub InitializeComponent()Sub InitializeComponent()

Dim resources As System.Resources.ResourceManager = New System.Resources.ResourceManager(GetType(loginForm))

Me.lblUserPwd = New System.Windows.Forms.Label

Me.lblUserName = New System.Windows.Forms.Label

Me.txtUserName = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox

Me.txtUserPwd = New System.Windows.Forms.TextBox

Me.btnSubmit = New System.Windows.Forms.Button

Me.btnExit = New System.Windows.Forms.Button

Me.Label1 = New System.Windows.Forms.Label

Me.Label2 = New System.Windows.Forms.Label

Me.btnCancel = New System.Windows.Forms.Button

Me.Label3 = New System.Windows.Forms.Label

Me.SuspendLayout()

'lblUserPwd

Me.lblUserPwd.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(46, 176)

Me.lblUserPwd.Name = "lblUserPwd"

Me.lblUserPwd.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(52, 23)

Me.lblUserPwd.TabIndex = 0

Me.lblUserPwd.Text = "密码："

Me.lblUserPwd.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter

'lblUserName

Me.lblUserName.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(46, 128)

Me.lblUserName.Name = "lblUserName"

Me.lblUserName.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(52, 23)

Me.lblUserName.TabIndex = 1

Me.lblUserName.Text = "帐号："

Me.lblUserName.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter

'txtUserName

Me.txtUserName.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Info

Me.txtUserName.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.FixedSingle

Me.txtUserName.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(110, 128)

Me.txtUserName.Name = "txtUserName"

Me.txtUserName.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(151, 21)

Me.txtUserName.TabIndex = 3

Me.txtUserName.Text = ""

'txtUserPwd

Me.txtUserPwd.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Info

Me.txtUserPwd.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.FixedSingle

Me.txtUserPwd.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(110, 176)

Me.txtUserPwd.Name = "txtUserPwd"

Me.txtUserPwd.PasswordChar = Microsoft.VisualBasic.ChrW(42)

Me.txtUserPwd.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(151, 21)

Me.txtUserPwd.TabIndex = 4

Me.txtUserPwd.Text = ""

'btnSubmit

Me.btnSubmit.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveBorder

Me.btnSubmit.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand

Me.btnSubmit.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.InfoText

Me.btnSubmit.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(56, 216)

Me.btnSubmit.Name = "btnSubmit"

Me.btnSubmit.TabIndex = 5

Me.btnSubmit.Text = "登录"

'btnExit

Me.btnExit.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveBorder

Me.btnExit.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand

Me.btnExit.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(141, 216)

Me.btnExit.Name = "btnExit"

Me.btnExit.TabIndex = 6

Me.btnExit.Text = "退出"

'Label1

Me.Label1.Font = New System.Drawing.Font("Impact", 17.0!, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, CType(134, Byte))

Me.Label1.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(38, 64)

Me.Label1.Name = "Label1"

Me.Label1.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(256, 32)

Me.Label1.TabIndex = 6

Me.Label1.Text = "TEST"

'Label2

Me.Label2.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlText

Me.Label2.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.HighlightText

Me.Label2.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(0, 0)

Me.Label2.Name = "Label2"

Me.Label2.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(320, 24)

Me.Label2.TabIndex = 7

Me.Label2.Text = "系统登录"

Me.Label2.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter

'btnCancel

Me.btnCancel.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveBorder

Me.btnCancel.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Hand

Me.btnCancel.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(225, 215)

Me.btnCancel.Name = "btnCancel"

Me.btnCancel.TabIndex = 10

Me.btnCancel.Text = "取消"

'Label3

Me.Label3.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Red

Me.Label3.Location = New System.Drawing.Point(163, 262)

Me.Label3.Name = "Label3"

Me.Label3.Size = New System.Drawing.Size(149, 16)

Me.Label3.TabIndex = 11

Me.Label3.Text = "为保证系统安全,请先登录"

'loginForm

Me.AutoScaleBaseSize = New System.Drawing.Size(6, 14)

Me.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ActiveBorder

Me.ClientSize = New System.Drawing.Size(319, 284)

Me.Controls.Add(Me.Label3)

Me.Controls.Add(Me.btnCancel)

Me.Controls.Add(Me.Label2)

Me.Controls.Add(Me.Label1)

Me.Controls.Add(Me.btnExit)

Me.Controls.Add(Me.txtUserPwd)

Me.Controls.Add(Me.txtUserName)

Me.Controls.Add(Me.btnSubmit)

Me.Controls.Add(Me.lblUserName)

Me.Controls.Add(Me.lblUserPwd)

Me.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.None

Me.Icon = CType(resources.GetObject("$this.Icon"), System.Drawing.Icon)

Me.MaximizeBox = False

Me.MinimizeBox = False

Me.Name = "loginForm"

Me.SizeGripStyle = System.Windows.Forms.SizeGripStyle.Hide

Me.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen

Me.Tag = "登录"

Me.Text = "TEST--系统登录"

Me.ResumeLayout(False)

End Sub

#End Region

Private Sub loginForm_Load()Sub loginForm_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load

txtUserName.Focus()

' btnCancel.Visible = False

End Sub

Private Sub btnExit_Click()Sub btnExit_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnExit.Click

Application.Exit()

End Sub

Private Sub btnSubmit_Click()Sub btnSubmit_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnSubmit.Click

'调用loginValidator组件

Dim validator As New Validator

validator.vUsername = txtUserName.Text.Trim

validator.vUserpwd = txtUserPwd.Text.Trim

If (validator.validate() = True) Then

Me.Close()

Else

MessageBox.Show("帐号或密码错误，请重试！", "验证错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning)

End If

End Sub

Private Sub btnCancel_Click()Sub btnCancel_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)

Me.Dispose()

End Sub

Private Sub btnCancel_Click_1()Sub btnCancel_Click_1(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnCancel.Click

Me.Close()

End Sub

End Class

关于在.NET中使用COM组件：.NET可以向后兼容，并支持了COM和ActiveX对象等早期版本的应用程序。在.NET中使用COM等很有趣，.NET创建一个包将它们包装起来，而它们之间的交互就是通过这个包装来进行的，这个包就叫做运行时可呼叫包装（RCW）。可以直接使用COM，也可以先转换成.NET程序集后再使用。

1、直接使用COM组件是通过Add Reference来实现的，这种方法通过RCW来包装。缺点：无法放到 GAC中，不能重用。

2、通过转换成.NET程序集来使用，是通过利用 tlbimp 命令行工具来实现的，语法： tlbimp COMName.dll /out:Comp.dll /namespace:myNS /asmVersion: myVersion /reference:refname

第一个为COM的名称，第二个为要生成的.NET组件名称，第三个为要生成的名称空间，第四个为版本号，第四个指定引用的文件名。