Apache安装、配置、优化
Apache 安装、配置、优化
安装 Apache 2.0.48 (查看Install手册)
考虑到以后要 rewite_url 来使 google 更加容易收录网站，特地添加了 mod_rewrite 。
同时为了限制流量，特别加了 mod_limitpcnn.c 补丁 , 所以多了一个 --enable-forward 选项。
建议安装完毕以后不要删除安装目录，以便以后升级时使用。
记得升级前关闭 apache2.0
编译过程：
代码:
#./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl
--enable-forward
# make
# make install
这个例子里面是编译了 mod_so，mod_speling 和 openssl 支持。
同样有另外几种写法
代码:
#./configure --enable-modules=so --enable-modules=speling --enable-modules=rewrite
或者
代码:
#./configure --enable-modules=”so speling”
--enable-MODULE[=shared] 编译并包含模块 MODULE. MODULE 是文档中去掉” _module ”的模块名。要将一个模块编译成为 DSO, 需要加 -shared 选项 , 即 --enable-mods-shared 。 (查看 MODULE 手册)
注意 ："如果希望核心能够装载 DSO，而不实际编译任何动态模块，则要明确指定 --enable-modules=so 或者 --enable-so" (查看 DSO 手册)，所以前面的顺序不能交换顺序。 查看所有apache 的 configure 参数
安装完毕后可以用以下命令来查看启动了那些模块
代码:
# apachectl -l
Compiled in modules:
core.c
mod_access.c
mod_auth.c
mod_include.c
mod_log_config.c
mod_env.c
mod_setenvif.c
prefork.c
http_core.c
mod_mime.c
mod_status.c
mod_autoindex.c
mod_asis.c
mod_cgi.c
mod_negotiation.c
mod_dir.c mod_imap.c
mod_actions.c
mod_speling.c
mod_userdir.c
mod_alias.c
mod_rewrite.c
mod_so.c
接着，将启动程序放入开机程序中去。 如果要启动 ssl 加密网页，则必须通过手动启动 apache2.0 (参见 ssl 部分 )
代码:
# echo "/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start" /etc/rc.d/rc.local
参考：
代码:
If you want your server to continue running after a system reboot ,
you should add a call to apachectl to your system startup files (typically rc.local
or
a file in an rc.N
directory). This will start Apache as root. Before doing this ensure
that your server is properly configured for
security and access restrictions.
在 profile 里面添加以上的语句来设置路径，使得在 bash 下更容易控制 apachectl, 省去了输入路径的麻烦。
代码:
# vi /etc/profile
PATH=" $PATH:usr/local/apache2/bin:”
配置 apache2.0
代码:
# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
配置文件请看文件 httpd.conf (设置文档目录为/home/dalouis/public_html)
代码:
#chmod 755 ? R /home/dalouis/
设置目录的可读性为 drwxr-xr-x(755), 否则会出现 "Forbidden You don't have permission to access / on this server."
一些关于安全性的配置：
考虑到 cgi-bin 的安全性问题，我们暂时将 cgi-bin 去掉。将所有 httpd.conf 中的所有关于 cgi-bin 的行加上 #.
Xiyang 的配置
我用的： mod_limitipconn, mod_expires, mod_gzip, mod_php4, mod_so, mod_access, mod_alias, mod_userdir, mod_dir, mod_autoindex, mod_status, mod_mime, mod_log_config, http_core
关于超时的问题
在我编写好所有的产品查看页面的时候，经常会出现因为超时，或者流量过大 ,apache 停止工作的问题，原因有二，一是代码的不科学性，二是 apache 的设置问题。
以下是对设置的一点改动：
代码:
# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections(more than
# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.
# KeepAlive Off
# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow
# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.
# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.
# MaxKeepAliveRequests 0
# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request
# from the same client on the same connection.
# KeepAliveTimeout 0
• 记录访问者的 HTTP-REFERER 和 AGENT, 有助于统计来者是通过什么搜索引擎找到我们的网站的。 或者在原有的CustomLog行，将参数由 common 改成 combined
代码:
# If you would like to have agent and referer logfiles,
# uncomment the following directives.
CustomLog logs/referer_log referer
CustomLog logs/agent_log agent
CustomLog logs/www.domain.com-access_log combined
使用 mod_limitipconn.c 来限制 apache 的并发数
Package: http://dominia.org/djao/limit/这里的安装建议使用动态 DSO 并 patch apache2.0, 以使得 apache2.0 可以认识在代理后方的 IP 。但是要 重新编译 apache2.0, 以下是介绍。
代码:
##Instructions for building DSO with proxy tracking:
# tar xzvf httpd-2.0.39.tar.gz
# tar xzvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz
# cd httpd-2.0.39
# patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff
# ./buildconf
# ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward
# make
# make install
# cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22
# PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH
# make install
安装过程
# lynx http://dominia.org/djao/limit/mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz
# cd httpd-2.0.48
# patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff
patching file configure.in
Hunk #1 succeeded at 373 (offset 55 lines).
patching file include/scoreboard.h
patching file modules/generators/mod_status.c
Hunk #1 succeeded at 746 (offset -1 lines).
patching file server/scoreboard.c
# ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward
# make
# make install
# cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22
# PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH
# make install
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Libraries have been installed in:
/usr/local/apache2/modules
If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment
variable
during execution
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable
during linking
- use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
- have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
chmod 755 /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_limitipconn.so
[activating module `limitipconn' in /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf]
检查 httpd.conf 文件，发现增加了一下一行
代码:
LoadModule limitipconn_module modules/mod_limitipconn.so
同时需要设置以下参数在 httpd.conf 中 , 也可以在单个虚拟服务器中。
代码:
ExtendedStatus On
# Only needed if the module is compiled as a DSO
LoadModule limitipconn_module lib/apache/mod_limitipconn.so
<IfModule mod_limitipconn.c
<Location /somewhere
MaxConnPerIP 3
# exempting images from the connection limit is often
a good
