在FreeBSD上组建ISP级的邮件系统(Ver:0.3)

王朝system·作者佚名 2008-05-31

FreeBSD(基本系统) + Postfix（MTA 邮件传输代理） + MySQL（后台数据库，用户保存用户信息） + Cyrus -SASL2（发信认证） + Courier -IMAP（提供POP3/IMAP服务） + MailDrop（MDA 邮件投递代理） + amavisd-new（内容过滤） + Spamassassin（反垃圾邮件） + Clamav（杀毒） + Extman (后台用户管理) + ExtMail( 一个高效率的webmail)

作者：冯勇 fengyongchuang # yahoo.com.cn （≠%26amp;键盘人生$：71633908）

日期：2006-03-09

技术支持网站：www.extmail.org

QQ群：

网管之家： 5929685

网管之家-UNIX：3791457

Extmail 群/postfix 1: 6769767

Extmail 群/postfix 2: 18051473

如有问题请到下面网址提问： http://www.extmail.org/forum/archive/2/0603/1216.html

前言1、感谢HZQBBC 多年来的帮助，让我对linux /UNIX 有所了解。

2、本人文笔不好，欢迎拍砖。

3、本文通过一步一个软件，一个软件一次性设置的方式让你了解如何组建一个邮件系统。

4、建议：良好的电脑基础会使你事半功倍，至少你要明白互联网上的一些常用服务的原理，如：web/ftp/dns/mail(mta/mua/mda)及了解什么是TCP/ip协议。

5、对了BSD 操作不熟的兄弟建议看Freebsd 的Handbook。

http://cnsnap.cn.freebsd.org/doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/index.html

6、对于英文不太好的兄弟建议使用IBM 智能词典。

http://www.google.com/search?hl=zh-CN%26amp;q=IBM%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8%26amp;lr=

7、要多想多做多动脑（大脑生来就是为了思考的，不用会生锈），要懂得如何去使用google/baidu 寻找你需要的东西，可能你遇到的问题人家已经遇过并解决了。

8、认真观察安装过程、日志文件是寻找错误的关键。

9、古语云：冰冻三尺非一日之寒，当你第N 次安装失败时，千万别恢心，成功往往就与你擦肩而过。回头认真看文档，回想自己的操作，整理好思路。相信自己一定会成功。

10、FreeBSD 通过ports 安装总是花上不少时间在下载文件及编译，建议你多喝水或为自己准备一杯咖啡，编译的时候走走运动一下也是个不错的主意。

最后献上我用了六年的座右铭：靠山山倒，靠人人倒，靠自己最好！

更新：1、接上编Freebsd 6.0 +Postfix + MySQL+Cyrus-SASL2 +Courier-IMAP + Clamav+Mailscanner+Extman+Extmail对内容进行了修改。

2、把mailscanner 换成amavisd-new。

3、增加了maildrop 作为邮件的投递代理。

4、更详细的安装过程。

5、以HTML 方式发布，方便兄弟们复制命令。

6、去掉了zend/ftp/openssl 的安装。

7、加入了atni-spam.org.cn 的cdl服务从而更有效拒绝垃圾邮件。

快速索引一、设置你的DNS

二、安装Freebsd

三、安装mysql

四、安装apahce

五、安装邮件系统

六、测试系统

七、安装反垃圾邮件

八、安装extmail/extman

一、设置你的DNS很多人经常问为什么我的邮件服务器向163.com /sina.com/yahoo.com.cn...都能收到，为什么回复的邮件却收不到，原因很简单，因为这些服务器不能找到你的域名的A记录或MX 记录。很多人在安装时使用的域都是不合法的域名，即未经注册的DNS FQDN（完全限定名）。如果你没有申请合法的域名，可以到 comexe.cn 3322.org 申请一个动态域名来收发邮件。

本例中以 extmail.org 这个域为例，主机名为mail ,邮件服务器建立在DDNS 之上。

打开windows 的CMD 使用nslookup 查询extmail.org 的MX记录，如果你自己拥有固定IP可以创建自己的DNS，如果你使用的是新网或其它域名供应商，进入后台添加一个记录即可，供体参考DNS 相关的内容。

C:\nslookup -type=mx extmail.org 221.4.66.66Server: ns2.cnc-gd.netAddress: 221.4.66.66DNS request timed out. timeout was 2 seconds.Non-authoritative answer:extmail.org MX PReference = 20, mail exchanger = mx.extmail.orgextmail.org nameserver = ns2.xinnetdns.comextmail.org nameserver = ns.xinnet.cnextmail.org nameserver = ns.xinnetdns.comextmail.org nameserver = ns2.xinnet.cnmx.extmail.org internet address = 210.21.119.139ns.xinnet.cn internet address = 210.51.171.209ns.xinnetdns.com internet address = 210.51.170.66ns2.xinnet.cn internet address = 210.51.170.67ns2.xinnetdns.com internet address = 210.51.170.67

作为windows 高手的你，这点小事难不到你吧。

二、安装Freebsd A、系统分区很多人在使用自己的作业系统时，不知道如何对系统分区，对于分区方案没有最好的，只是跟据自己的情况去分。

下面是我的分区方案。

硬盘为120G ，/（根）1G 左右就差不多了，但考滤到/root 工作目录也在这里，所以分大一点。

/home/data 主要是用来存放Email /ftp用户的数据

/tmp 1G 也是考虑到临时文件多，所以给大也点。

/usr/ 10G 因为要安装软件，还有下载的软件，我没有装GUI 所以只分了10G我认为足够了。

/var 3G这个目录存放的东西比较多，如日志、邮件的临时目录，如果空间不够amavisd-new 无法解开邮件进行杀毒。

%df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on /dev/ad0s1a 1.9G 481M 1.3G 26% /

devfs 1.0K 1.0K 0B 100% /dev

/dev/ad0s1g 92G 353M 84G 0% /home/data

/dev/ad0s1e 989M 224K 910M 0% /tmp

/dev/ad0s1f 9.7G 1.8G 7.1G 20% /usr

/dev/ad0s1d 2.9G 105M 2.6G 4% /var

以上方案不是最好的，咸鱼白菜各有所好。

B、安装基本系统对于系统的安装，我选择了minimal(最小系统)和ports ,因为有些没必要的包就不装，减少系统体积，另外作为一台服务器，我从来不装GUI 。

下载BSD时，只需要下载DISK 1 就行了，缺少的软件包可以通过网络安装。

C、配置系统如果你在安装后期没有配置系统，在系统启动完成后以root的身份登陆系统，运行sysinstall 进行设置，或通过ee编辑器编辑/etc/rc.conf文件，在这里提醒各位，一会大多数服务都需要在/etc/rc.conf加入启动内容才能正常启动。

设置好固定IP，或通过DHCP 自动分配置机器IP。使用SSH 客户端进行管理服务器将会为你的工作提供方便。

使用SSH 要注意：

a、不能用root直接登陆，需要添加一个新用户，指定到wheel 组,用此用户登陆后用使用 su - 提升到管理员。

b、以我的SecureCRT 为例,Session options -Authentication -Primary 选择keyboard Interactive

c、如果你要使用像LINUX 一样的彩色显示，需要把 Emulation - Terminal -Xterm 选中ANSI Color 并在/etc/csh.cshrc加入

setenv LSCOLORS ExGxFxdxCxegedabagExEx setenv CLICOLOR yes

set autolist

然后执行

sed -i.bak -E s/set\ prompt/#set\ prompt/g /root/.cshrc

退出重新登陆即可看到彩色目录了。

D、更新软件包采用Freebsd 最好的地方就是安装软件方便，还可以装到最新的软件包，这就是强大的posts 系统。如果你的系统在安装时没有选择posts ,具休如何操作看BSD 的handbook.

CVSUP 的站点很多，你可以选择离你最快的站点去更新posts ，具体查看 freebsd.org /freebsdchina.org.cn

在使用cvsup之前你必须连接到互联网，并需要安装cvsup 这个软件

假如你的服务器在内网里，并通过DMZ 进行IP映射，可以参考下面设置：

sshd_enable="YES"fsck_y_enable="YES"hostname="mail.extmail.org"ifconfig_rl0="inet 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" defaultrouter="192.168.1.1"

如果你使用的是ADSL 拔号

a、修改/etc/ppp/ppp.conf

default:set log Phase tun command # you can add more detailed logging if you wishset ifaddr 10.0.0.1/0 10.0.0.2/0 adsl: set device PPPoE:vr0 # 将vr0 改为你拔号的网卡 set authname 你的ADSL 帐号 set authkey 你的ADSL密码 set dial set login add default HISADDR

b、/etc/rc.conf 内容

inetd_enable="YES"sshd_enable="YES"fsck_y_enable="YES"hostname="mail.extmail.org"ifconfig_rl0="inet 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0" ppp_enable="YES" #YES or NOppp_mode="ddial" #"auto", "ddial", "direct" or "dedicated".ppp_nat="YES" # if you want to enable nat for your local network, otherwise NOppp_profile="adsl" #/etc/ppp/ppp.conf

c、安装cvsup-without-gui

%cd /usr/ports/net/cvsup-without-gui/ %make install clean

d、更新ports

安装完cvsup软件后，对ports 进行更新

%/usr/local/bin/cvsup -gL 2 -h cvsup4.freebsdchina.org /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile

其实FreeBSD 一点也不难，我没有说错吧！

三、安装数据库 MySQL

MySQL 版本很多，大家可以据自己需要自行安装。

%cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql41-server/%make install clean

在/etc/rc.conf 加入

mysql_enable="YES"

复制配置文件（非必需）

cp /usr/local/share/mysql/my-small.cnf /usr/local/etc/my.cnf

在此说明：

1、如果不在/etc/rc.conf 加入以上内容，手工是无法启动MySQL的。

2、如果你想知道这个软件应该在/etc/rc.conf加入什么内容，打开/usr/local/etc/rc.d 目录，找到此软件的启动脚本。然后打开文件，如果有详细的说明。

%/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql-server.sh start Starting mysql.

如何去检查一个服务是否正常启动：1、通过ps查看进程，2、检查所打开的端口。

%ps aux|grep mysqlmysql 94899 0.2 0.5 1644 1240 p0 S 3:52PM 0:00.07 /bin/sh /usr/local/bin/mysqld_safe --mysql 94919 0.0 10.8 55564 27428 p0 S 3:52PM 0:01.54 /usr/local/libexec/mysqld --defaults-%%netstat -an|grep 3306tcp4 0 0 *.3306 *.* LISTEN

MySQL安装时，服务器的密码为空，建议你装好系统后，第一时间去更改密码。

%/usr/local/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p passWord 你的新密码 Enter password:

如果你服务器只供本站内部使用建议在 my.cnf 里加入下面内容,以增加服务器的安全性。

[mysqld]bind_address=127.0.0.1

四、安装Apache1、安装apache server 作为网络的今天apache web服务器已经是街知港闻了。 %cd /usr/ports/www/apache22/%make install clean

在/etc/rc.conf 中加入：

apache22_enable="YES"

如果启动时出现httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using mail.sharesky.cn for ServerName 的错误，在/usr/local/etc/apache22/httpd.conf 约第144行的位置加入下面的内容。

ServerName mail.extmail.org

启动apahce

%/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22.sh startPerforming sanity check on apache22 configuration:Syntax OKStarting apache22.

2、安装php%cd /usr/ports/www/mod_php4/%make install clean

Options for mod_php4 4.4.2_1,1 x x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x x x [ ] DEBUG Enable debug x x x x [X] MULTIBYTE Enable zend multibyte support x x x x [ ] IPV6 Enable ipv6 support x x x x [X] OPENSSL Build static OpenSSL extension

在/usr/local/etc/apache22/httpd.conf 里加入

AddType application/x-httpd-php .phpAddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps

加入目录索引 index.php，约在httpd.conf 的212行

DirectoryIndex index.html index.php

restart或reload Apache 使之生效

%/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22.sh reloadPerforming sanity check on apache22 configuration:Syntax OKPerforming a graceful restart

3、安装PHP 扩展 %cd /usr/ports/lang/php4-extensions/%make install clean

在这里建议大家，如果没有必要尽量不要安装GD库免得浪费时间，大家可据自己需要选择安装模块

lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x Options for php4-extensions 1.0 x x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x x x [ ] BCMATH bc style precision math functions x x x x [X] BZ2 bzip2 library support x x x x [ ] CALENDAR calendar conversion support x x x x [ ] CRACK crack support x x x x [X] CTYPE ctype functions x x x x [X] CURL CURL support x x x x [ ] DBA dba support x x x x [ ] DBASE dBase library support x x x x [ ] DBX dbx support x x x x [ ] DIO Direct I/O support x x x x [ ] DOMxml DOM support x x x x [ ] EXIF EXIF support x x x x [ ] FILEINFO fileinfo support x x x x [ ] FILEPRO filePro support x x x x [ ] FRIBIDI FriBidi support x x [X] FTP FTP support x x x x [ ] GD GD library support x x x x [X] GETTEXT gettext library support x x x x [ ] GMP GNU MP support x x x x [X] ICONV iconv support x x x x [ ] IMAGICK ImageMagick support x x x x [X] IMAP IMAP support x x x x [ ] INTERBASE Interbase 6 database support (Firebird) x x x x [ ] LDAP OpenLDAP support x x x x [X] MBSTRING multibyte string support x x x x [ ] MCAL Modular Calendar access Library support x x x x [X] MCRYPT Encryption support x x x x [ ] MCVE MCVE support x x x x [ ] MHASH Crypto-hashing support x x x x [ ] MING ming shockwave Flash support x x x x [ ] MNOGOSEARCH mnoGoSearch support x x x x [ ] MSSQL MS-SQL database support x x x x [X] MYSQL MySQL database support x x x x [ ] NCURSES ncurses support (CLI only) x x x x [ ] ODBC unixODBC support x x x x [X] OPENSSL OpenSSL support x x x x [ ] Oracle Oracle support x x x x [X] OVERLOAD user-space object overloading support x x x x [ ] PANDA panda support x x x x [ ] PCNTL pcntl support (CLI only) x x x x [X] PCRE Perl Compatible Regular Expression support x x x x [ ] PDF PDFlib support (implies GD) x x x x [ ] PFPRO PayFlow Pro support x x x x [ ] PGSQL PostgreSQL database support x x x x [X] POSIX POSIX-like functions x x x x [ ] PSPELL pspell support x x x x [ ] READLINE readline support (CLI only) x x x x [ ] RECODE recode support x x x x [X] session session support x x x x [ ] SHMOP shmop support x x x x [ ] SNMP SNMP support x x x x [ ] SOCKETS sockets support x x x x [ ] SYBASE_CT Sybase database support x x x x [ ] SYSVMSG System V message support x x x x [ ] SYSVSEM System V semaphore support x x x x [ ] SYSVSHM System V shared memory support x x x x [X] TOKENIZER tokenizer support x x x x [ ] WDDX WDDX support (implies XML) x x x x [X] XML XML support x x x x [ ] XMLRPC XMLRPC-EPI support x x x x [ ] XSLT XSLT Sablotron support x x x x [ ] YAZ YAZ support (ANSI/NISO Z39.50) x x x x [ ] YP YP/NIS support x x x x [ ] ZIP ZIP support x x x x [X] ZLIB ZLIB support x x

4、安装phpmyadmin 管理数据库为了去除无聊的安装过程，这里选择手工安装，先下载软件包，然后解压，再复制到/usr/local/www/apache22/data 下面

%cd /usr/ports/databases/phpmyadmin/%make fetch%cd /usr/ports/distfile%tar jxvf phpMyAdmin-2.7.0-pl2.tar.bz2%cp -r /usr/ports/distfiles/phpMyAdmin-2.7.0-pl2 /usr/local/www/apache22/data/phpmyadmin

大家注意，可能你下载的版本与我下载的不一样，不能照搬。

设置phpmyadmin %cd /usr/local/www/apache22/data/phpmyadmin/%ee config.default.php

将$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'config'; 改为

$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'http';

打开http://ip/phpmyadmin 就可以管理你的mysql 数据库了

5、安装extman extman 是extmail用户后台管理系统,官方网站为www.extmail.org 下载解压

%tar zxvf extman-13-20060102.tar.gz%cd extman-0.13-20060102/docs%mysql -u root -p

extmail.sql添加了两个MySQL用户

1、只读用户：extmail 密码：extmail

2、读/写用户：webman 密码：webman

init.sql 里，对extmail数据库添加了下面的记录

a、添加了一个别名记录 support@extmail.org -test@extmail.org

b、增加了 extmail.org 域

c、增加了test@extmail.org的邮箱密码为test。

d、增加了extman 的管理员root@extmail.org 密码为extmail

五、安装邮件系统安装下面三个软件要注意先后顺序

1、安装 Courier-IMAP%cd /usr/ports/mail/courier-imap/%make install clean

选择openssl、MySQL

在/etc/rc.conf 加入

courier_authdaemond_enable="YES"courier_imap_pop3d_enable="YES"courier_imap_imapd_enable="YES"

修改authdaemond的权限

%/usr/local/etc/rc.d/courier-authdaemond.sh start%chmod -R +x /var/run/authdaemond/

authdaemond 启动完成后，检查/var/run/authdaemond 下面是否产生socket 文件，因为认证时是通过这个文件读取密码的。

设置/usr/local/etc/authlib/authdaemonrc

%mv authdaemonrc authdaemonrc.bakee authdaemonrc

在authdaemonrc 加入下面的内容

authmodulelist="authmysql"authmodulelistorig="authmysql"version="authdaemond.mysql"daemons=5 authdaemover=/var/run/authdaemond subsystem=mail DEBUG_LOGIN=2 DEFAULTOPTIONS="wbnodsn=1"

上面DEBUG_LOGIN=2 是为了调试方便，等系统完全测试完成，可改为 0，即不显示调试信息。

设置/usr/local/etc/authlib/authmysqlrc

%mv authmysqlrc authmysqlrc.bakee authmysqlrc

加入下面的内容

MYSQL_SERVER localhostMYSQL_USERNAME extmailMYSQL_PASSWORD extmailMYSQL_PORT 0MYSQL_OPT 0MYSQL_DATABASE extmailMYSQL_SELECT_CLAUSE SELECT username,password,"",uidnumber,gidnumber,\ CONCAT('/home/data/domains/',homedir), \ CONCAT('/home/data/domains/',maildir), \ quota, \ name \ FROM mailbox \ WHERE username = '$(local_part)@$(domain)'

大家要注意，我的邮件保存的目录是/home/data/domains ，你可以跟据你的需要改为自己的目录。

用户名和密码是extmail 这个具体需要看extman 软件包中的docs 目录中的extmail.sql，很多人无法通上发信认证，很可能以上面两个文件配置有关。

创建pop3/imap 的配置文件

%cp pop3d.cnf.dist pop3d.cnf%cp imapd.cnf.dist imapd.cnf

修改/usr/local/etc/courier-imap/pop3d (不修改也行)

POP3AUTH="LOGIN CRAM-md5 CRAM-SHA1"

修改/usr/local/etc/courier-imap/imapd(不修改也行)

IMAP_CAPABILITY="IMAP4rev1 CHILDREN NAMESPACE THREAD=ORDEREDSUBJECT THREAD=REFERENCES SORT QUOTA"

2、安装 Cyrus-SASL2

%cd /usr/ports/security/cyrus-sasl2%make install WITH_AUTHDAEMON=yes

创建 /usr/local/lib/sasl2/smtpd.conf 加入下面的内容 pwcheck_method:authdaemondlog_level:3mech_list:PLAIN LOGINauthdaemond_path:/var/run/authdaemond/socket

3、安装Postfix%cd /usr/ports/mail/postfix%make install clean

选择SASL2 、TLS、MySQL、VDA ，安装过程中有两个提问，直接按回车，使用系统默认的回答。

%echo postfix: root /etc/aliases%/usr/local/bin/newaliases%ln -s /usr/local/sbin/sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail

如果出现ln: /usr/sbin/sendmail: File exists 提示，把/usr/sbin/sendmail改名再链接。

设置postfix 随系统启动

postfix_enable="YES" sendmail_enable="NO" sendmail_submit_enable="NO" sendmail_outbound_enable="NO"sendmail_msp_queue_enable="NO"

创建/etc/periodic.conf 加入下面的内容

daily_clean_hoststat_enable="NO"daily_status_mail_rejects_enable="NO"daily_status_include_submit_mailq="NO"daily_submit_queuerun="NO"

配置/usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf ,在你安装时，只需要修改####BASE#### 部分即可

%mv main.cf main.cf.bak

这个配置文件已经加入了maildrop的支持

###################BASE##################myhostname=mail.extmail.org #机器的名字mydomain = extmail.org#你的域名mydestination = $myhostnamelocal_recipient_maps = command_directory = /usr/local/sbin#local_transport = virtualsmtpd_banner = extmail.org ESMTP Mail Systemmessage_size_limit = 14680064#邮件大小#mailbox_size_limit = 512000000#################MySQL################virtual_alias_maps =mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf#virtual_gid_maps = static:125#virtual_gid_maps = static:1000virtual_mailbox_base = /home/data/domains #邮件保存的目录virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf#virtual_mailbox_limit = 512000000virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf#virtual_minimum_uid = 125#virtual_minimum_uid = 1000#virtual_transport = virtualvirtual_transport = maildrop:maildrop_destination_recipient_limit = 1 #virtual_uid_maps = static:125#virtual_uid_maps = static:1000################Quota################virtual_create_maildirsize = yesvirtual_mailbox_extended = yesvirtual_mailbox_limit_maps = mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cfvirtual_mailbox_limit_override = yesvirtual_maildir_limit_message = Sorry,the user's Maildir has overdrawn his diskspace quota ,please tray again later.virtual_overquota_bounce = yes##############SASL####################smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yessmtpd_sasl2_auth_enable = yessmtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymousbroken_sasl_auth_clients = yessmtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_unauth_pipelining, reject_invalid_hostname, reject_rbl_client cbl.anti-spam.org.cn#CBL 服务器具体请看anti-spam.org.cn#注意上面几行前面是有空格的。readme_directory = nosample_directory = /usr/local/etc/postfixsendmail_path = /usr/local/sbin/sendmailhtml_directory = nosetgid_group = maildropmanpage_directory = /usr/local/mandaemon_directory = /usr/local/libexec/postfixnewaliases_path = /usr/local/bin/newaliasesmailq_path = /usr/local/bin/mailqqueue_directory = /var/spool/postfixmail_owner = postfix

以下四个文件在extman 软件包Docs 目录里，使用时，直接复制到/usr/local/etc/postfix 目录即可。

mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf

user = extmailpassword = extmailhosts = localhostdbname = extmailtable = aliasselect_field = gotowhere_field = addressadditional_conditions = AND active = '1'

mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf

user = extmailpassword = extmailhosts = localhostdbname = extmailtable = domainselect_field = descriptionwhere_field = domainadditional_conditions = AND active = '1'

mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf

user = extmailpassword = extmailhosts = localhostdbname = extmailtable = mailboxselect_field = maildirwhere_field = usernameadditional_conditions = AND active = '1'

mysql_virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf

user = extmailpassword = extmailhosts = localhostdbname = extmailtable = mailboxselect_field = quotawhere_field = usernameadditional_conditions = AND active = '1'

至此postfix 基本设置完成，但还不能收发邮件。

4、安装maildrop我们在设置邮件服务器时MTA 部分还是使用posfix 本身的帐户进行处理邮件，由于maildrop 不能和postfix 与同一用户身份处理邮件，所以我们新开一个用户用户maildrop 处理。

添加vgroup

pw groupadd vgroup -g 1000

添加vuser

%pw useradd vuser -g 1000 -u 1000 -s /sbin/nologin -d /sbin/nologin -c "virtual mail user"

安装maildrop,记得要把WITH_AUTHLIB=yes 加上

%cd /usr/ports/mail/maildrop%make install WITH_AUTHLIB=yes

选择AUTH_MYSQL

lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x Options for maildrop 2.0.1 x x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x x x [ ] AUTH_LDAP LDAP support x x x x [X] AUTH_MYSQL MySQL support x x x x [ ] AUTH_PGSQL PostgreSQL support x x x x [ ] AUTH_USERDB Userdb support x x x x [ ] AUTH_VCHKPW Vpopmail/vchkpw support x x

修改/usr/local/etc/postfix/master.cf ,把maildrop 原先已有的记录注译（即删除旧记录），加上下面的内容

maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vuser argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -d ${user}@${nexthop} ${recipient} ${user} ${extension} ${nexthop}

设置邮件存储目录

%mkdir -p /home/data/domains/extmail.org/test%/usr/local/bin/maildirmake /home/data/domains/extmail.org/test/Maildir%chown -R 1000:1000 domains/

至此，我们的邮件系统基础部分已经安装完成了。重启系统，开始进行测试。

六、测试系统1、测试maildrop 是否正常建议进入系统后去检查/etc/rc.conf 中的服务是否正常。

注意邮件系统用户名格式是：user@domain.ltd ，是支持多域的，和平时用的有点不一样。

用SecureCRT 新开二个窗口，其中一个用于输入命令，一个查看maillog

%tail -f /var/log/maillog

观察下面的操作,证明maildrop 已投递正常

%echo "test" | maildrop -V 10 -d test@extmail.orGmaildrop: authlib: groupid=1000maildrop: authlib: userid=1000maildrop: authlib: logname=test@extmail.org, home=/home/data/domains/extmail.org/test, mail=/home/data/domains/extmail.org/test/Maildir/maildrop: Changing to /home/data/domains/extmail.org/testMessage start at 0 bytes, envelope sender=test@extmail.orgmaildrop: Attempting .mailfilterWARN: quota string '5242880' not parseablemaildrop: Delivery complete.

maillog 将会有如下显示

Mar 10 14:39:58 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: sysusername=, sysuserid=1000, sysgroupid=1000, homedir=/home/data/domains/extmail.org/test, address=test@extmail.org, fullname=Test user, maildir=/home/data/domains/extmail.org/test/Maildir/, quota=5242880, options=Mar 10 14:39:58 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: clearpasswd=, passwd={crypt}uywiuN.XggXXc

2、测试postfix 由于在发信认证时使用的是BASE64 编码，所以要把用户名和密码转BASE64 格式，在此前需要安装 p5-MIME-BASE64

%cd /usr/ports/converters/p5-MIME-Base64/%make install

测试用户test@extmail.org 密码 test

%perl -MMIME::Base64 -e 'print encode_base64("test\@extmail.org");' dGVzdEBleHRtYWlsLm9yZw==%perl -MMIME::Base64 -e 'print encode_base64("test");' dGVzdA==

看下面的测试过程

%telnet localhost 25Trying ::1...telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refusedTrying 127.0.0.1...Connected to localhost.Escape character is '^]'.220 sharesky.cn ESMTP Mail Systemehlo test.com250-mail.extmail.org250-PIPELINING250-SIZE 14680064250-VRFY250-ETRN250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN250-AUTH=LOGIN PLAIN250 8BITMIMEauth login334 VXNlcm5hbWU6dGVzdEBleHRtYWlsLm9yZw==334 UGFzc3dvcmQ6dGVzdA==235 Authentication successfulmail from:250 Okrcpt to:250 Okdata354 End data with .this is a test..250 Ok: queued as 23CEE5C38quit221 ByeConnection closed by foreign host.

下面是系统所产生的maillog

Mar 10 14:47:45 mail postfix/smtpd[1090]: connect from localhost[127.0.0.1]Mar 10 14:47:57 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: sysusername=, sysuserid=1000, sysgroupid=1000, homedir=/home/data/domains/extmail.org/test, address=test@extmail.org, fullname=Test user, maildir=/home/data/domains/extmail.org/test/Maildir/, quota=5242880, options=Mar 10 14:47:57 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: clearpasswd=test, passwd={crypt}uywiuN.XggXXcMar 10 14:48:13 mail postfix/smtpd[1090]: 23CEE5C38: client=localhost[127.0.0.1], sasl_method=login, sasl_username=test@extmail.orgMar 10 14:48:18 mail postfix/cleanup[1135]: 23CEE5C38: message-id=Mar 10 14:48:18 mail postfix/qmgr[669]: 23CEE5C38: from=, size=341, nrcpt=1 (queue active)Mar 10 14:48:19 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: sysusername=, sysuserid=1000, sysgroupid=1000, homedir=/home/data/domains/extmail.org/test, address=test@extmail.org, fullname=Test user, maildir=/home/data/domains/extmail.org/test/Maildir/, quota=5242880, options=Mar 10 14:48:19 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: clearpasswd=, passwd={crypt}uywiuN.XggXXcMar 10 14:48:19 mail postfix/pipe[1136]: 23CEE5C38: to=, relay=maildrop, delay=14, status=sent (extmail.org)Mar 10 14:48:19 mail postfix/qmgr[669]: 23CEE5C38: removedMar 10 14:48:20 mail postfix/smtpd[1090]: disconnect from localhost[127.0.0.1]

测试pop3收邮件

%telnet localhost 110Trying ::1...telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refusedTrying 127.0.0.1...Connected to localhost.Escape character is '^]'.+OK Hello there.user test@extmail.org+OK Password required.pass test+OK logged in.list+OK POP3 clients that break here, they violate STD53.1 62 403.retr 1+OK 6 octets follow.test.retr 2+OK 403 octets follow.Return-Path: Delivered-To: test@extmail.orgReceived: from test.com (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by mail.extmail.org (Postfix) with ESMTP id 23CEE5C38 for ; Fri, 10 Mar 2006 14:48:05 +0000 (UTC)Message-Id: Date: Fri, 10 Mar 2006 14:48:05 +0000 (UTC)From: test@test.comTo: undisclosed-recipients:;this is a test..quit+OK Bye-bye.Connection closed by foreign host.

所产生的maillog

Mar 10 16:17:56 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: sysusername=, sysuserid=1000, sysgroupid=1000, homedir=/home/data/domains/extmail.org/test, address=test@extmail.org, fullname=Test user, maildir=/home/data/domains/extmail.org/test/Maildir/, quota=5242880, options=Mar 10 16:17:56 mail authdaemond: Authenticated: clearpasswd=test, passwd={crypt}uywiuN.XggXXcMar 10 16:17:57 mail pop3d: LOGIN, user=test@extmail.org, ip=[127.0.0.1]Mar 10 16:18:15 mail pop3d: LOGOUT, user=test@extmail.org, ip=[127.0.0.1], top=0, retr=397, time=18

至此，我们已经成功安装了一个邮件系统，下面我们再去增加内容过滤和反垃圾邮件部分还成web部分，成功已经离我们不远了，鼓起干劲，冲啊~~！~！~！~~~RUSH...

七、安装反垃圾邮件1、安装amavisd-new内容过滤我们采用了amavisd-new ，主要考滤到amavsid-new 配置方便，当然你也可以使用mailscanner，还是那一句，咸鱼白菜，各有所好。

%cd /usr/ports/security/amavisd-new/%make install clean

只选择MYSQL

在安装Amavisd-new 时，系统会自动把Spamassassin 装上去

lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x Options for p5-Mail-SpamAssassin 3.1.0_6 x x lqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqk x x x [X] AS_ROOT Run spamd as root (recommended) x x x x [ ] DOMAINKEYS DomainKeys support x x x x [X] SSL Build with SSL support for spamd/spamc x x x x [X] MYSQL Add MySQL support x x x x [ ] PGSQL Add PostreSQL support x x x x [ ] RAZOR Add Vipul's Razor support x x x x [ ] SPF_QUERY Add SPF query support x x x x [ ] RELAY_COUNTRY Relay country support x x x x [X] TOOLS Install SpamAssassin tools x x

在/etc/rc.conf 加入下面的内容

amavisd_enable="YES"spamd_enable="YES"

修改 /usr/local/etc/amavisd.conf

$mydomain = 'extmail.org';

垃圾邮件病毒通知

$virus_admin = "postmaster\@$mydomain"; # notifications recip.$mailfrom_notify_admin = "postmaster\@$mydomain"; # notifications sender$mailfrom_notify_recip = "postmaster\@$mydomain"; # notifications sender$mailfrom_notify_spamadmin = "postmaster\@$mydomain"; # notifications sender$mailfrom_to_quarantine = ''; # null return path; uses original sender if undef

去除对附件的转换

$banned_filename_re = new_RE(#把中间的内容全部加上#);

加入对Clamav 的支持

# ### http://www.clamav.net/ ['ClamAV-clamd', \%26amp;ask_daemon, ["CONTSCAN {}\n", "/var/run/clamav/clamd"], qr/\bOK$/, qr/\bFOUND$/, qr/^.*?: (?!Infected Archive)(.*) FOUND$/ ],

在/usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf 加入

content_filter = smtp-amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024

在/usr/local/etc/postfix/master.cf 加入

smtp-amavis unix - - n - 2 smtp -o smtp_data_done_timeout=1200 -o disable_dns_lookups=yes 127.0.0.1:10025 inet n - n - - smtpd -o content_filter= -o local_recipient_maps= -o relay_recipient_maps= -o smtpd_restriction_classes= -o smtpd_client_restrictions= -o smtpd_helo_restrictions= -o smtpd_sender_restrictions= -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks,reject -o mynetworks=127.0.0.0/8

重启postfix

%/usr/local/etc/rc.d/postfix.sh restartpostfix/postfix-script: stopping the Postfix mail systempostfix/postfix-script: starting the Postfix mail system

对于Spamassassin 配置文件/usr/local/etc/mail/spamassassin/local.cf 请参考

http://spamassassin.apache.org/

配置工具

http://www.yrex.com/spam/spamconfig.php

调试amavisd-new

%su vscan$ /etc/sbin/amavisd debug

如果没有出现任何错误，证明你的amavisd-new 正常。

2、安装Clamavclamav 用于邮件杀毒

%cd /usr/ports/security/clamav%make install clean

可以什么都不选，直接回车

clamav_clamd_enable="YES"clamav_freshclam_enable="YES"

修改/usr/local/etc/clamd.conf 让其以vscan 身份运行(约145行)

#User clamavUser vscan

修改/usr/local/etc/freshclam.conf

#DatabaSEOwner clamavDatabaseOwner vscan

修目录权限

%chown -R vscan:vscan /var/log/clamav%chown -R vscan:vscan /var/run/clamav%chown -R vscan:vscan /var/db/clamav

启动clamav 与自动更新

%/usr/local/etc/rc.d/clamav-clamd.sh start%/usr/local/etc/rc.d/clamav-freshclam.sh start

3、测试%telnet localhost 25Trying ::1...telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refusedTrying 127.0.0.1...Connected to localhost.mold.com.cn.Escape character is '^]'.220 extmail.org ESMTP Mail Systemehlo test.com250-mail.mold.com.cn250-PIPELINING250-SIZE 14680064250-VRFY250-ETRN250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN250-AUTH=LOGIN PLAIN250 8BITMIMEmail from:250 Okrcpt to:250 Okdata354 End data with .X5O!P%@AP[4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H*.250 Ok: queued as F19692E084quit221 ByeConnection closed by foreign host.

所产生的maillog

Mar 10 18:19:25 mail postfix/smtpd[797]: connect from localhost[127.0.0.1]Mar 10 18:19:25 mail postfix/smtpd[797]: CD31B5C25: client=localhost[127.0.0.1]Mar 10 18:19:25 mail postfix/cleanup[793]: CD31B5C25: message-id=Mar 10 18:19:25 mail postfix/qmgr[789]: CD31B5C25: from=, size=1670, nrcpt=1 (queue active)Mar 10 18:19:26 mail postfix/smtpd[797]: disconnect from localhost[127.0.0.1]Mar 10 18:19:26 mail amavis[458]: (00458-01) Blocked INFECTED (Eicar-Test-Signature), [127.0.0.1] - , quarantine: virus-Q0WNU5+REDjW, Message-ID: , mail_id: Q0WNU5+REDjW, Hits: -, 1567 msMar 10 18:19:26 mail postfix/smtp[794]: 954D75C24: to=, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1], delay=14, status=sent (250 2.7.1 Ok, discarded, id=00458-01 - VIRUS: Eicar-Test-Signature)Mar 10 18:19:26 mail postfix/qmgr[789]: 954D75C24: removedMar 10 18:19:26 mail postfix/smtpd[791]: disconnect from localhost[127.0.0.1]

观看红色的地方，病毒已经找到，并隔离了。随之这封邮件被系统删除。

至此空容过滤杀毒部分已经完，这个时候应该休息一下，喝杯水，接下来完成最后的工作。

八、安装extmail /extman 1、设置apache 的运行身份修改/usr/local/etc/apache22/httpd.conf

#User www#Group wwwUser vuserGroup vgroup

在httpd.conf 加入下面的内容

Alias /extman/cgi/ /usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin/extman/cgi/Alias /extman /usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin/extman/html/SetHandler cgi-scriptOptions +ExecCGIAllowOverride All# config for ExtMail Alias /extmail/cgi/ /usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin/extmail/cgi/Alias /extmail /usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin/extmail/html/SetHandler cgi-scriptOptions +ExecCGIAllowOverride All

重启apahce

%/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22.sh restartPerforming sanity check on apache22 configuration:Syntax OKStopping apache22.Waiting for PIDS: 461.Performing sanity check on apache22 configuration:Syntax OKStarting apache22.

2、安装extmail从extmail官方网站:www.extmail.org 下载最新版式

tar zxvf extmail-23-20060219.tar.gz %cp -r extmail-0.23-20060219/ /usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin/extmail

创建配置文件

%cd /usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin/extmail/%cp webmail.cf.default webmail.cf

修改配置文件,我只把需要修改的地方贴出来

# sys_config, the config file and webmail programe rootSYS_CONFIG = /usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin/extmail/# sys_langdir, the i18n dirSYS_LANGDIR = /usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin/extmail/lang# sys_templdir, the template dirSYS_TEMPLDIR = /usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin/extmail/html# sys_netdisk_on, default is offSYS_NETDISK_ON = 1 # maildir_base, the base dir of user maildir, use absolute path# if not set.SYS_MAILDIR_BASE = /home/data/domains# if mysql, all relate paramters should prefix as SYS_MYSQLSYS_MYSQL_USER = extmail SYS_MYSQL_PASS = extmail SYS_MYSQL_DB = extmail SYS_MYSQL_HOST = localhostSYS_MYSQL_SOCKET = /tmp/mysql.sock

打开你的浏览器，输入http://ip/extmail 即可看到登陆窗口

用户名：test

密码:test

域名：extmail.org

3、安装extman从extmail 官方网站下载软件包，解压复制到/usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin目录。

%cd /usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin/extman/

编辑 webman.cf

# sys_config, the config file and webman programe rootSYS_CONFIG = /usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin/extman/# sys_langdir, the i18n dirSYS_LANGDIR = /usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin/extman/lang# sys_templdir, the template dirSYS_TEMPLDIR = /usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin/extman/html# maildir_base, the base dir of user maildir, use absolute path# if not set. SYS_MAILDIR_BASE = /home/data/domains# if mysql, all relate paramters should prefix as SYS_MYSQLSYS_MYSQL_USER = webmanSYS_MYSQL_PASS = webmanSYS_MYSQL_DB = extmailSYS_MYSQL_HOST = localhostSYS_MYSQL_SOCKET = /tmp/mysql.sock

创建/tmp/extman

%mkdir /tmp/extman%chmod 777 /tmp/extman/

创建软件包的链接

%cd extman/libs/Ext/%./buildlink.sh build /usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin/extmail/libs/Ext/

打开浏览器输入http://ip/extman

用户名：root@extmail.org 密码：extmail

系统配置文件下载

rc.conf 内容

mysql_enable="YES"apache22_enable="YES"postfix_enable="YES"sendmail_enable="NO"sendmail_submit_enable="NO"sendmail_outbound_enable="NO"sendmail_msp_queue_enable="NO"courier_authdaemond_enable="YES"courier_imap_pop3d_enable="YES"courier_imap_imapd_enable="YES"amavisd_enable="YES"spamd_enable="YES"clamav_clamd_enable="YES"clamav_freshclam_enable="YES"

由于水平有限，时间急促，文档中难免有错漏，如果你发现错误，或有更好的建议请告诉我，本人一定尽力做到最好。

感谢你的阅读！

fengyong 2006-03-10 19:19