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独du生sheng子zi女nv的de成cheng长chang环huan境jing中zhong容rong易yi养yang成cheng以yi自zi我wo为wei中zhong心xin、不bu善shan与yu他ta人ren交jiao流liu和he分fen享xiang等deng问wen题ti。而er养yang伴ban侣lv动dong物wu的de儿er童tong则ze更geng少shao感gan到dao孤gu独du,有you更geng强qiang的de分fen享xiang倾qing向xiang,这zhe是shi北bei京jing师shi范fan大da学xue心xin理li学xue院yuan在zai10月yue9日ri召zhao开kai的de“伴ban侣lv动dong物wu与yu儿er童tong心xin理li健jian康kang研yan究jiu成cheng果guo发fa布bu会hui”上shang公gong布bu的de最zui新xin调tiao查cha结jie果guo。
为wei了le探tan讨tao伴ban侣lv动dong物wu与yu儿er童tong身shen心xin健jian康kang之zhi间jian的de关guan系xi,从cong2003年nian底di到dao2006年nian间jian,北bei京jing师shi范fan大da学xue心xin理li学xue院yuan“伴ban侣lv动dong物wu与yu心xin理li健jian康kang”课ke题ti组zu随sui机ji选xuan取qu北bei京jing市shi11所suo普pu通tong小xiao学xue的de402名ming小xiao学xue生sheng进jin行xing了le研yan究jiu并bing完wan成cheng研yan究jiu报bao告gao。研yan究jiu结jie果guo显xian示shi,相xiang比bi不bu养yang伴ban侣lv动dong物wu的de儿er童tong,养yang伴ban侣lv动dong物wu的de儿er童tong更geng少shao感gan到dao孤gu独du,有you更geng强qiang的de分fen享xiang倾qing向xiang,更geng愿yuan意yi照zhao顾gu幼you小xiao的de儿er童tong。而er且qie,与yu伴ban侣lv动dong物wu关guan系xi越yue亲qin密mi的de儿er童tong,他ta们men的de分fen享xiang意yi愿yuan和he照zhao顾gu幼you小xiao儿er童tong的de意yi愿yuan也ye越yue强qiang烈lie,孤gu独du感gan水shui平ping也ye越yue低di。
主zhu持chi本ben次ci调tiao查cha研yan究jiu的de北bei京jing师shi范fan大da学xue心xin理li学xue院yuan博bo士shi生sheng导dao师shi郑zheng日ri昌chang教jiao授shou介jie绍shao说shuo:“本ben项xiang研yan究jiu启qi示shi我wo们men,对dui于yu喂wei养yang伴ban侣lv动dong物wu的de家jia庭ting,家jia长chang应ying该gai有you意yi识shi地di利li用yong儿er童tong乐le于yu接jie近jin自zi然ran、乐le于yu接jie近jin动dong物wu的de天tian性xing,有you效xiao利li用yong伴ban侣lv动dong物wu作zuo为wei教jiao育yu孩hai子zi的de媒mei介jie。”
教jiao育yu部bu基ji础chu教jiao育yu司si德de育yu处chu处chu长chang吕lv同tong舟zhou和he儿er童tong心xin理li与yu教jiao育yu方fang面mian的de多duo名ming专zhuan家jia出chu席xi了le这zhe次ci发fa布bu会hui。与yu会hui官guan员yuan和he专zhuan家jia表biao示shi,该gai项xiang研yan究jiu视shi角jiao独du特te,是shi国guo内nei此ci项xiang研yan究jiu的de先xian行xing者zhe,具ju有you开kai拓tuo性xing的de意yi义yi。而er且qie,研yan究jiu抓zhua住zhu了le我wo国guo经jing济ji发fa展zhan和he社she会hui变bian革ge中zhong的de新xin热re点dian、新xin情qing况kuang,对dui加jia强qiang素su质zhi教jiao育yu、增zeng进jin儿er童tong心xin理li健jian康kang,对dui我wo国guo建jian设she和he谐xie社she会hui、促cu进jin人ren民min生sheng活huo质zhi量liang的de提ti高gao都dou具ju有you十shi分fen重chong要yao的de价jia值zhi。
据ju国guo家jia人ren口kou和he计ji划hua生sheng育yu委wei员yuan会hui在zai2006年nian底di公gong布bu的de数shu据ju显xian示shi,我wo国guo已yi有you超chao过guo9000万wan名ming独du生sheng子zi女nv。孩hai子zi是shi祖zu国guo的de未wei来lai,儿er童tong教jiao育yu不bu再zai是shi各ge个ge家jia庭ting的de问wen题ti,而er是shi事shi关guan国guo家jia命ming运yun的de大da事shi。相xiang比bi早zao期qi的de智zhi力li开kai发fa,性xing格ge和he健jian康kang心xin理li的de培pei养yang同tong样yang重chong要yao。
绝jue大da多duo数shu儿er童tong喜xi爱ai伴ban侣lv动dong物wu
郑zheng教jiao授shou指zhi出chu,可ke以yi说shuo,伴ban侣lv动dong物wu在zai一yi定ding程cheng度du上shang具ju备bei了le充chong当dang某mou些xie人ren类lei角jiao色se的de功gong能neng,是shi儿er童tong心xin灵ling成cheng长chang的de良liang好hao伴ban侣lv。
美mei国guo儿er童tong心xin理li专zhuan家jia布bu兰lan达da·K·布bu莱lai因yin特te曾zeng做zuo过guo的de研yan究jiu表biao明ming,儿er童tong从cong宠chong物wu身shen上shang可ke以yi获huo得de彼bi此ci关guan爱ai、持chi久jiu深shen厚hou的de感gan情qing、自zi信xin心xin的de曾zeng强qiang以yi及ji感gan情qing专zhuan一yi等deng诸zhu多duo裨bi益yi。德de国guo波bo恩en大da学xue于yu2001年nian开kai展zhan的de一yi项xiang研yan究jiu也ye证zheng明ming,无wu论lun是shi从cong孩hai子zi的de角jiao度du还huan是shi从cong母mu亲qin的de角jiao度du看kan,宠chong物wu犬quan都dou具ju有you稳wen定ding情qing绪xu和he治zhi疗liao心xin灵ling创chuang伤shang的de作zuo用yong。我wo们men从cong不bu断duan呈cheng现xian的de大da量liang信xin息xi中zhong不bu难nan发fa现xian,人ren与yu宠chong物wu的de伙huo伴ban关guan系xi,为wei儿er童tong与yu成cheng人ren在zai身shen心xin健jian康kang方fang面mian带dai来lai了le益yi处chu。
而er北bei师shi大da的de研yan究jiu发fa现xian,在zai养yang伴ban侣lv动dong物wu的de儿er童tong中zhong,98.5%的de儿er童tong表biao示shi他ta们men喜xi爱ai自zi己ji的de伴ban侣lv动dong物wu,同tong时shi有you85.3%的de儿er童tong觉jiao得de伴ban侣lv动dong物wu也ye爱ai他ta们men。在zai关guan于yu喜xi爱ai伴ban侣lv动dong物wu的de原yuan因yin上shang,最zui主zhu要yao的de三san大da原yuan因yin是shi:伴ban侣lv动dong物wu可ke爱ai(76.6%),有you了le伴ban侣lv动dong物wu的de陪pei伴ban感gan到dao不bu再zai孤gu单dan(65.0%),伴ban侣lv动dong物wu能neng给gei家jia人ren带dai来lai快kuai乐le(60.9%)。
在zai不bu养yang伴ban侣lv动dong物wu的de儿er童tong中zhong,94.1%的de儿er童tong表biao示shi喜xi欢huan伴ban侣lv动dong物wu,此ci外wai有you61.3%的de儿er童tong表biao示shi非fei常chang想xiang养yang伴ban侣lv动dong物wu,有you31.4%的de儿er童tong表biao示shi有you时shi想xiang养yang伴ban侣lv动dong物wu。
对dui养yang伴ban侣lv动dong物wu儿er童tong家jia长chang的de调tiao查cha结jie果guo显xian示shi,家jia长chang们men认ren为wei,伴ban侣lv动dong物wu对dui孩hai子zi的de积ji极ji影ying响xiang主zhu要yao有you三san个ge方fang面mian,一yi是shi更geng有you爱ai心xin懂dong得de爱ai护hu弱ruo小xiao(53.2%);二er是shi孩hai子zi有you伴ban不bu再zai感gan到dao孤gu单dan了le(43.5%),三san是shi孩hai子zi对dui动dong物wu产chan生sheng了le浓nong厚hou兴xing趣qu或huo爱ai(40.9%)。
伴ban侣lv动dong物wu对dui家jia庭ting带dai来lai的de积ji极ji影ying响xiang中zhong最zui显xian著zhu的de是shi,伴ban侣lv动dong物wu增zeng加jia了le家jia庭ting的de欢huan乐le,让rang家jia庭ting变bian得de热re闹nao了le。消xiao极ji影ying响xiang主zhu要yao表biao现xian在zai增zeng加jia了le卫wei生sheng打da扫sao工gong作zuo的de负fu担dan。
研yan究jiu也ye发fa现xian,多duo数shu孩hai子zi所suo承cheng担dan的de责ze任ren是shi陪pei伴ban侣lv动dong物wu玩wan耍shua和he散san步bu,而er负fu责ze喂wei养yang伴ban侣lv动dong物wu和he为wei伴ban侣lv动dong物wu洗xi澡zao的de孩hai子zi只zhi占zhan少shao部bu分fen。由you此ci可ke见jian,孩hai子zi与yu伴ban侣lv动dong物wu的de关guan系xi中zhong,玩wan伴ban的de关guan系xi占zhan主zhu要yao地di位wei,而er承cheng担dan养yang育yu责ze任ren的de关guan系xi占zhan相xiang对dui次ci要yao地di位wei。
郑zheng日ri昌chang教jiao授shou指zhi出chu,在zai养yang育yu伴ban侣lv动dong物wu的de过guo程cheng中zhong,家jia长chang不bu应ying一yi味wei地di替ti代dai孩hai子zi承cheng担dan责ze任ren,应ying潜qian移yi默mo化hua地di将jiang责ze任ren感gan和he独du立li性xing方fang面mian的de教jiao育yu贯guan穿chuan其qi中zhong,让rang孩hai子zi寓yu学xue于yu乐le,快kuai乐le成cheng长chang。
此ci外wai,郑zheng教jiao授shou还huan强qiang调tiao,伴ban侣lv动dong物wu并bing非fei只zhi有you优you点dian,喂wei养yang伴ban侣lv动dong物wu在zai卫wei生sheng、检jian疫yi、安an全quan等deng诸zhu多duo方fang面mian存cun在zai隐yin患huan,因yin此ci良liang好hao的de管guan理li非fei常chang必bi要yao,管guan理li得de好hao才cai能neng利li大da于yu弊bi。
郑zheng日ri昌chang教jiao授shou是shi中zhong国guo心xin理li卫wei生sheng协xie会hui和he中zhong国guo社she会hui心xin理li学xue会hui的de常chang务wu理li事shi,并bing担dan任ren中zhong国guo心xin理li学xue会hui临lin床chuang心xin理li与yu心xin理li咨zi询xun专zhuan业ye委wei员yuan会hui副fu主zhu任ren、国guo家jia教jiao育yu部bu中zhong小xiao学xue心xin理li健jian康kang教jiao育yu指zhi导dao委wei员yuan会hui委wei员yuan等deng职zhi位wei。多duo年nian来lai,郑zheng教jiao授shou在zai心xin理li健jian康kang、咨zi询xun、测ce量liang方fang面mian做zuo了le大da量liang研yan究jiu工gong作zuo,并bing在zai美mei国guo、英ying国guo、澳ao大da利li亚ya、比bi利li时shi担dan任ren可ke作zuo研yan究jiu院yuan或huo教jiao授shou,在zai心xin理li健jian康kang及ji测ce量liang领ling域yu积ji累lei了le丰feng富fu经jing验yan,并bing出chu版ban多duo部bu教jiao材cai、专zhuan著zhu和he译yi著zhu。
近jin年nian来lai,郑zheng教jiao授shou带dai领ling他ta的de研yan究jiu小xiao组zu对dui宠chong物wu与yu人ren类lei的de身shen心xin健jian康kang关guan系xi进jin行xing了le大da量liang探tan讨tao和he研yan究jiu,成cheng为wei首shou位wei在zai中zhong国guo国guo内nei进jin行xing该gai领ling域yu研yan究jiu的de心xin理li学xue家jia。他ta们men研yan究jiu小xiao组zu调tiao查cha研yan究jiu发fa现xian,家jia中zhong养yang有you宠chong物wu的de“空kong巢chao父fu母mu”其qi心xin理li健jian康kang状zhuang况kuang要yao优you于yu不bu养yang宠chong物wu的de“空kong巢chao父fu母mu”。此ci外wai,该gai小xiao组zu还huan对dui“宠chong物wu与yu中zhong青qing年nian妇fu女nv”等deng课ke题ti进jin行xing了le调tiao查cha。
【原文】